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Biomechanics and Physiology of Motor Variability in Repetitive Movements of Young and Old Female and Male Adults.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Biomechanics and Physiology of Motor Variability in Repetitive Movements of Young and Old Female and Male Adults./
作者:	Bailey, Christopher A.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	220 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-10B.
標題:	Gender differences. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28383897
ISBN:	9798708714459

Biomechanics and Physiology of Motor Variability in Repetitive Movements of Young and Old Female and Male Adults.
Bailey, Christopher A.

Biomechanics and Physiology of Motor Variability in Repetitive Movements of Young and Old Female and Male Adults. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 220 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Old age and the natural variability in sensorimotor patterns (i.e. motor variability) are independently linked to injury risk in daily activities involving repetitive motion. However, how old age alters variability of biomechanical patterns (i.e. joint motions and muscle activities), whether limb, fatigue and sex affect these patterns, and how motor variability is regulated physiologically remains unclear. This dissertation aimed to determine how old age affects motor variability of upper and lower limb biomechanical outputs during low-load repetitive movements as a function of sex and fatigue, and to explore the physiological origin of motor variability.Healthy young and old adult males and females were recruited for three different experiments to perform three different repetitive motor tasks: gait, reaching-and-lifting, and dynamic elbow flexions. The upper limb tasks were performed in the absence and presence of fatigue. Joint angle and muscle activity parameters were measured using optoelectronic motion capture and electromyography, with variability of these parameters quantified by the movement-to-movement standard deviation and/or coefficient of variation. Oxygenation and thickness of muscle were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy and brightness-mode ultrasonography. Age-related alterations in parameters were compared between sexes and with fatigue, and relationships were examined between parameters of motor variability and muscle physiology.In gait, old age was associated with higher variability in ankle inversion/eversion, pelvic obliquity, and rectus femoris activation, but lower variability in ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion in both males and females. Old age was also associated with higher variability in knee flexion/extension in males only and lower variability gastrocnemius lateralis activation in females only. In reaching-and-lifting, old age was not associated with differences in the variability of neck/shoulder muscle activity without or with fatigue. Regardless of age, muscle activity variability increased with fatigue. In dynamic elbow flexions, old age was not associated with differences in the variability of arm muscle activity without or with fatigue; however, muscle activity variability decreased with fatigue in young and old adults and was correlated with the biceps brachii oxygenation response, where relationships were more local to the site of fatigue in old age.These findings reveal that old age influences the variability of joint and muscle outputs in a complex way, indicating that aging leads to alterations in the magnitude of motor variability of the lower limb that are sex-, joint-, and muscle-dependent, but no alterations in motor variability of the upper limb or interactions with fatigue. Further, findings support muscle oxygenation as a potential regulator of motor variability. The results of this dissertation help to better understand how aging men and women control their motion in repetitive movement activities and could be applied in rehabilitation interventions to better prevent age-related falls and chronic upper limb injuries.

ISBN: 9798708714459Subjects--Topical Terms:

3548331
Gender differences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Biomechanics

Biomechanics and Physiology of Motor Variability in Repetitive Movements of Young and Old Female and Male Adults.
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245 1 0 $a Biomechanics and Physiology of Motor Variability in Repetitive Movements of Young and Old Female and Male Adults.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2020
300 $a 220 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Cote, Julie.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Old age and the natural variability in sensorimotor patterns (i.e. motor variability) are independently linked to injury risk in daily activities involving repetitive motion. However, how old age alters variability of biomechanical patterns (i.e. joint motions and muscle activities), whether limb, fatigue and sex affect these patterns, and how motor variability is regulated physiologically remains unclear. This dissertation aimed to determine how old age affects motor variability of upper and lower limb biomechanical outputs during low-load repetitive movements as a function of sex and fatigue, and to explore the physiological origin of motor variability.Healthy young and old adult males and females were recruited for three different experiments to perform three different repetitive motor tasks: gait, reaching-and-lifting, and dynamic elbow flexions. The upper limb tasks were performed in the absence and presence of fatigue. Joint angle and muscle activity parameters were measured using optoelectronic motion capture and electromyography, with variability of these parameters quantified by the movement-to-movement standard deviation and/or coefficient of variation. Oxygenation and thickness of muscle were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy and brightness-mode ultrasonography. Age-related alterations in parameters were compared between sexes and with fatigue, and relationships were examined between parameters of motor variability and muscle physiology.In gait, old age was associated with higher variability in ankle inversion/eversion, pelvic obliquity, and rectus femoris activation, but lower variability in ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion in both males and females. Old age was also associated with higher variability in knee flexion/extension in males only and lower variability gastrocnemius lateralis activation in females only. In reaching-and-lifting, old age was not associated with differences in the variability of neck/shoulder muscle activity without or with fatigue. Regardless of age, muscle activity variability increased with fatigue. In dynamic elbow flexions, old age was not associated with differences in the variability of arm muscle activity without or with fatigue; however, muscle activity variability decreased with fatigue in young and old adults and was correlated with the biceps brachii oxygenation response, where relationships were more local to the site of fatigue in old age.These findings reveal that old age influences the variability of joint and muscle outputs in a complex way, indicating that aging leads to alterations in the magnitude of motor variability of the lower limb that are sex-, joint-, and muscle-dependent, but no alterations in motor variability of the upper limb or interactions with fatigue. Further, findings support muscle oxygenation as a potential regulator of motor variability. The results of this dissertation help to better understand how aging men and women control their motion in repetitive movement activities and could be applied in rehabilitation interventions to better prevent age-related falls and chronic upper limb injuries.
520 $a La vieillesse et la variabilite naturelle des patrons sensori-moteurs (c'est-a-dire la variabilite motrice) sont independamment liees au risque de blessure durant les activites quotidiennes impliquant des mouvements repetitifs. Cependant, comment la vieillesse modifie la variabilite des schemas biomecaniques (c'est-a-dire les mouvements articulaires et les activites musculaires), si le segment corporel, la fatigue et le sexe affectent ces patrons, et comment la variabilite motrice est regulee physiologiquement restent incertains. Cette these visait a determiner comment la vieillesse affecte la variabilite motrice des parametres biomecaniques des membres superieurs et inferieurs lors de mouvements repetitifs a faible charge en fonction du sexe et de la fatigue, et a explorer l'origine physiologique de la variabilite motrice.De jeunes adultes hommes et des femmes et d'autres ages en bonne sante ont ete recrutes pour trois experiences differentes afin d'effectuer trois taches motrices repetitives differentes: marche, atteinte et souleve, et flexions dynamiques du coude. Les taches des membres superieurs ont ete effectuees en l'absence et en presence de fatigue. Les parametres d'angle articulaire et d'activite musculaire ont ete mesures par capture de mouvement optoelectronique et electromyographie, la variabilite de ces parametres etant quantifiee par l'ecart-type et / ou le coefficient de variation d'un mouvement a l'autre. L'oxygenation et l'epaisseur musculaire ont ete mesurees par spectroscopie proche infrarouge et echographie en mode luminosite. Les changements des parametres lies a l'age ont ete compares entre les sexes et avec la fatigue, et les relations ont ete examinees entre les parametres de variabilite motrice et de physiologie musculaire.Lors de l'etude sur la marche, la vieillesse etait associee a une variabilite plus elevee de l'inversion / eversion de la cheville, de l'obliquite pelvienne et de l'activation du rectus femoris, mais a une variabilite plus faible de la flexion / extension de la cheville chez les hommes et les femmes. La vieillesse etait egalement associee a une variabilite plus elevee de la flexion / extension du genou chez les hommes uniquement et a une variabilite plus faible de l'activation de gastrocnemius lateralis chez les femmes uniquement. Lors de l'etude des gestes d'atteinte et de soulever, la vieillesse n'etait pas associee a des differences de variabilite de l'activite musculaire cou / epaule sans ou avec fatigue. Quel que soit l'age, la variabilite de l'activite musculaire augmentait avec la fatigue. Durant les flexions dynamiques du coude, la vieillesse n'etait pas associee a des differences de variabilite de l'activite musculaire du bras sans ou avec fatigue; cependant, la variabilite de l'activite musculaire diminuait avec la fatigue chez les adultes jeunes et ages et etait correlee avec la reponse d'oxygenation du biceps brachial, ou les relations etaient plus locales avec le site de fatigue chez les personnes agees.Ces resultats revelent que la vieillesse influence la variabilite des parametres articulaires et musculaires de maniere complexe, ce qui indique que le vieillissement entraine des alterations de l'amplitude de la variabilite motrice du membre inferieur qui dependent du sexe, des articulations et des muscles, mais pas d'alterations de variabilite motrice du membre superieur ou d'interactions avec la fatigue. De plus, les resultats supportent le role de l'oxygenation musculaire en tant que regulateur potentiel de la variabilite motrice. Les resultats de cette these aident a mieux comprendre comment les hommes et les femmes vieillissants controlent leur mouvement dans les activites de mouvements repetitifs et pourraient etre appliques a des interventions de readaptation pour mieux prevenir les chutes liees a l'age et les blessures chroniques des membres superieurs.
590 $a School code: 0781.
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650 4 $a Falls. $3 3564634
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650 4 $a Posture. $3 667530
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653 $a Biomechanics
653 $a Physiology
653 $a Motor variability
653 $a Repetitive movements
653 $a Young
653 $a Old
653 $a Female
653 $a Male
653 $a Adults
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710 2 $a McGill University (Canada). $3 1018122
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