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Understanding the Civic Potential of Football Fan Clubs: Tracing the Process of the Materialization of Civic Opportunities in the Lives of Highly Engaged Supporters.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Understanding the Civic Potential of Football Fan Clubs: Tracing the Process of the Materialization of Civic Opportunities in the Lives of Highly Engaged Supporters./
作者:	Gang, Chinhoo.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	208 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-10B.
標題:	Kinesiology. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28320579
ISBN:	9798597014692

Understanding the Civic Potential of Football Fan Clubs: Tracing the Process of the Materialization of Civic Opportunities in the Lives of Highly Engaged Supporters.
Gang, Chinhoo.

Understanding the Civic Potential of Football Fan Clubs: Tracing the Process of the Materialization of Civic Opportunities in the Lives of Highly Engaged Supporters. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 208 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Sport organizations compose the largest category of the voluntary sector (Harding, 2016). In addition to fulfilling fundamental business functions, sport organizations also offer vital social purposes as their members are offered the opportunity to learn civic skills and expand their social network through their associational engagement (Quintelier, 2008). To provide a sound explanation on how such civic potential materializes in the members' expanded civic circle, scholars (e.g., Burrmann, Braun, & Mutz, 2019; McFarland & Thomas, 2006; Verba, Schlozman, & Brady, 1995) have investigated various dimensions of civic outcomes (e.g., political engagement, types of trust, level of tolerance). While some researchers have attested a positive correlation between engagement in sport organizations and a higher level of civic outcomes (e.g., McFarland & Thomas; Putnam, 1995; Spaaij, 2012), others have claimed the contrary to note that the participation does not instigate such democratic attitudes and behaviors on (e.g., Theiss-Morse & Hibbing, 2005; van der Meer, 2014; van der Meer & van Ingen, 2009). Baggetta and Madsen (2018) ascertain that this inconsistency arises due to the employment of a content-based typology (e.g., political, cultural) as a proxy when investigating civic cultures. In addition, Baggetta and Bredenkamp (2019) noted that the large-N quantitative methodologies often used in such studies have limitations in reflecting the dynamics that shape civic opportunity structures in the organizations within the civil society.Comprised of highly engaged supporters, football fan clubs offer opportunities for club members to expand their individual personal network with different others, as the fan clubs' members are not socially homogenous; rather, the club members' divergent characteristics suggest that such fans may have some similarities, but they are ultimately made up of individuals from disparate groups (Numerator, 2015). Reflecting on the aforementioned limitations (e.g., Baggetta & Bredenkamp, 2019; Baggetta & Madsen, 2018) and the lack of scholarly focus regarding sport fan clubs (e.g., Numerato & Giulanotti, 2018), this study used a qualitative methodological approach to focus on the following dimensions of associational involvement in football fan clubs: 1) identifying civic opportunities, 2) understanding how such civic opportunities become materialized in members' wider civic circles, and 3) providing an accurate understanding regarding the ways in which contrasting cultural environments form the structure of civic opportunity within the football fan clubs.The methodology used in this study followed the stages of critical ethnography as recommended by Carspecken (1996) to explore the dimensions of active engagement in football fan clubs. The steps in the study progressed from acquiring monological data through employing a balanced combination of passive and active observation in various sites where fan clubs (N=4) initiate their activities. Then, preliminary reconstructive analysis was conducted based on the primary data, which enabled the articulation of cultural themes and system factors that are oftentimes, as noted by Carspecken, not revealed from dialogical data. Following the preliminary reconstructive analysis, interviews (N=21) were conducted with selected members in order to, as postulated by Carspecken, democratize the research process by effectively incorporating participants' perspectives. Ultimately, the investigation developed a comprehensive description of system relations through the study's in-depth scrutiny of various social sites and the cultural milieu that comprise the culture within football fan clubs.The context of this research was confined to the football fan clubs affiliated to two German football teams (i.e., Hamburger SV and FC St. Pauli) located in a close proximity yet reveal contrasting cultural traits. In order to secure a representative sample size, a combination of purposeful and convenient methods have been used, which led to the inclusion of four fan clubs, two of which represented each football team. The results of the study indicate a within-group variation in the civic opportunity structure between four football fan clubs examined in this study. Specifically, the degree of how each member develops social capital and acquire hard skills varies significantly. Such variation is roused mainly by two conditions that underpin associational engagement within the fan clubs, which this study identifies on reactive/proactive and simple/complex value structure schema. Upon gaining a firm understanding on various civic opportunities, the study traced how members translate such skills in their wider civic arena outside of their football fan communities to test the applicability of the two contending theories (i.e., socialization and self-selection hypotheses) in civic engagement. While the benefits associated with pursuing associational life are identified as trust, tolerance, and community and political participation, both theories fail to fully understand the process of materializing these benefits, because it occurs selectively and in a different pace.The findings of the study reveal a wide variation in the civic opportunity structures in the samples examined. Analyses of the results further illustrate that such a variation was found to be created by two conditions (i.e., level of engagement and level of complexity in the value structures). In addition, the result identify three major benefits associated with active engagement in football fan clubs (i.e., trust, tolerance, and community and political participation). However, these outcomes were selectively materialized in the members' extended private spheres, in which age and prior associational experience influence the materialization of the outcomes identified in this study.

ISBN: 9798597014692Subjects--Topical Terms:

517627
Kinesiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Civic engagement

Understanding the Civic Potential of Football Fan Clubs: Tracing the Process of the Materialization of Civic Opportunities in the Lives of Highly Engaged Supporters.
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While some researchers have attested a positive correlation between engagement in sport organizations and a higher level of civic outcomes (e.g., McFarland & Thomas; Putnam, 1995; Spaaij, 2012), others have claimed the contrary to note that the participation does not instigate such democratic attitudes and behaviors on (e.g., Theiss-Morse & Hibbing, 2005; van der Meer, 2014; van der Meer & van Ingen, 2009). Baggetta and Madsen (2018) ascertain that this inconsistency arises due to the employment of a content-based typology (e.g., political, cultural) as a proxy when investigating civic cultures. In addition, Baggetta and Bredenkamp (2019) noted that the large-N quantitative methodologies often used in such studies have limitations in reflecting the dynamics that shape civic opportunity structures in the organizations within the civil society.Comprised of highly engaged supporters, football fan clubs offer opportunities for club members to expand their individual personal network with different others, as the fan clubs' members are not socially homogenous; rather, the club members' divergent characteristics suggest that such fans may have some similarities, but they are ultimately made up of individuals from disparate groups (Numerator, 2015). Reflecting on the aforementioned limitations (e.g., Baggetta & Bredenkamp, 2019; Baggetta & Madsen, 2018) and the lack of scholarly focus regarding sport fan clubs (e.g., Numerato & Giulanotti, 2018), this study used a qualitative methodological approach to focus on the following dimensions of associational involvement in football fan clubs: 1) identifying civic opportunities, 2) understanding how such civic opportunities become materialized in members' wider civic circles, and 3) providing an accurate understanding regarding the ways in which contrasting cultural environments form the structure of civic opportunity within the football fan clubs.The methodology used in this study followed the stages of critical ethnography as recommended by Carspecken (1996) to explore the dimensions of active engagement in football fan clubs. The steps in the study progressed from acquiring monological data through employing a balanced combination of passive and active observation in various sites where fan clubs (N=4) initiate their activities. Then, preliminary reconstructive analysis was conducted based on the primary data, which enabled the articulation of cultural themes and system factors that are oftentimes, as noted by Carspecken, not revealed from dialogical data. Following the preliminary reconstructive analysis, interviews (N=21) were conducted with selected members in order to, as postulated by Carspecken, democratize the research process by effectively incorporating participants' perspectives. Ultimately, the investigation developed a comprehensive description of system relations through the study's in-depth scrutiny of various social sites and the cultural milieu that comprise the culture within football fan clubs.The context of this research was confined to the football fan clubs affiliated to two German football teams (i.e., Hamburger SV and FC St. Pauli) located in a close proximity yet reveal contrasting cultural traits. In order to secure a representative sample size, a combination of purposeful and convenient methods have been used, which led to the inclusion of four fan clubs, two of which represented each football team. The results of the study indicate a within-group variation in the civic opportunity structure between four football fan clubs examined in this study. Specifically, the degree of how each member develops social capital and acquire hard skills varies significantly. Such variation is roused mainly by two conditions that underpin associational engagement within the fan clubs, which this study identifies on reactive/proactive and simple/complex value structure schema. Upon gaining a firm understanding on various civic opportunities, the study traced how members translate such skills in their wider civic arena outside of their football fan communities to test the applicability of the two contending theories (i.e., socialization and self-selection hypotheses) in civic engagement. While the benefits associated with pursuing associational life are identified as trust, tolerance, and community and political participation, both theories fail to fully understand the process of materializing these benefits, because it occurs selectively and in a different pace.The findings of the study reveal a wide variation in the civic opportunity structures in the samples examined. Analyses of the results further illustrate that such a variation was found to be created by two conditions (i.e., level of engagement and level of complexity in the value structures). In addition, the result identify three major benefits associated with active engagement in football fan clubs (i.e., trust, tolerance, and community and political participation). However, these outcomes were selectively materialized in the members' extended private spheres, in which age and prior associational experience influence the materialization of the outcomes identified in this study.
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