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Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Interven...

Sun, Shengyan.

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Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Intervention in Obesity: Cardiometabolic Health and Gut Microbiota.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Intervention in Obesity: Cardiometabolic Health and Gut Microbiota./
作者:	Sun, Shengyan.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	181 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-08, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-08B.
標題:	Sports management. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28316432
ISBN:	9798569984374

Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Intervention in Obesity: Cardiometabolic Health and Gut Microbiota.
Sun, Shengyan.

Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Intervention in Obesity: Cardiometabolic Health and Gut Microbiota. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 181 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-08, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Macau, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This study is aimed to examine the effects of a short-term ketogenic diet (KD) with/without exercise training on cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota in obese/overweight Chinese females, and to identify candidate gut microbial targets associated with KD-induced changes in cardiometabolic health.In experiment one, overweight/obese females (N=17) consumed 4 weeks of normal diet as baseline, then switched to a 4-week KD. KD intervention significantly reduced body weight (−2.5 kg), body mass index (-1.0 kg/m2), waist (-3.4 cm) and hip circumferences (-3.3 cm), body fat percentage (-2.5%), systolic blood pressure (-5mmHg), fasting concentrations of insulin (-34%), leptin (-44%) and ghrelin (-19%);improved insulin sensitivity (+34%); but slightly increased TC and LDL-C levels. Meanwhile, serum levels of glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, C-peptide, and inflammation markers were unchanged. Besides consuming KD, subjects in experiment two (N=34) received extra high-intensity interval training (KD-HIIT, 10 x6 s cycling interspersed with 9 s rest), or moderate-intensity continuous training (KDMICT,30 min cycling at 50-60% VO2peak) 5 d/week. Exercise training had no additional benefits on body composition or other cardiometabolic-related profiles, but significantly improved VO2peak by approximately 15% (p < 0.01), which was unaffected by KD intervention.KD intervention failed to change gut microbial diversity and overall structure, but selectively altered the relative abundance of several diet-sensitive genera [i.e., increased Clostridium (~2.2%, p < 0.05), Bilophila (~1.0%, p < 0.05) and Phascolarctobacterium (~3.7%, p < 0.01) genera, and decreased Bifidobacterium (~3.0%, p < 0.01)]. Groups with extra training increased Blautia abundance (+1.6%, p < 0.05) and decreased Alistipes abundance (-0.4%, p < 0.05), which may be beneficial to gut physiology. Moreover, 21 specific microbial genera were identified to be significantly correlated with different cardiometabolic-health profiles (-0.782 ≤r ≤ 0.542).Collectively, the 4-week KD is a useful approach to improve body composition, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese Chinese females, but has no influence on gut microbial diversity and overall structure. When combined with exercise, there are additional benefits on cardiorespiratory fitness and gut physiology, and KD-HIIT is more time-saving. The microbial results support associations between gut microbiome and KD- or exercise-induced alterations in cardiometabolic health, however, further study is needed to identify specific gut microbial targets that have functional influences on cardiometabolic health.

ISBN: 9798569984374Subjects--Topical Terms:

3423935
Sports management.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Ketogenic diet

Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Intervention in Obesity: Cardiometabolic Health and Gut Microbiota.
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520 $a This study is aimed to examine the effects of a short-term ketogenic diet (KD) with/without exercise training on cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota in obese/overweight Chinese females, and to identify candidate gut microbial targets associated with KD-induced changes in cardiometabolic health.In experiment one, overweight/obese females (N=17) consumed 4 weeks of normal diet as baseline, then switched to a 4-week KD. KD intervention significantly reduced body weight (−2.5 kg), body mass index (-1.0 kg/m2), waist (-3.4 cm) and hip circumferences (-3.3 cm), body fat percentage (-2.5%), systolic blood pressure (-5mmHg), fasting concentrations of insulin (-34%), leptin (-44%) and ghrelin (-19%);improved insulin sensitivity (+34%); but slightly increased TC and LDL-C levels. Meanwhile, serum levels of glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, C-peptide, and inflammation markers were unchanged. Besides consuming KD, subjects in experiment two (N=34) received extra high-intensity interval training (KD-HIIT, 10 x6 s cycling interspersed with 9 s rest), or moderate-intensity continuous training (KDMICT,30 min cycling at 50-60% VO2peak) 5 d/week. Exercise training had no additional benefits on body composition or other cardiometabolic-related profiles, but significantly improved VO2peak by approximately 15% (p < 0.01), which was unaffected by KD intervention.KD intervention failed to change gut microbial diversity and overall structure, but selectively altered the relative abundance of several diet-sensitive genera [i.e., increased Clostridium (~2.2%, p < 0.05), Bilophila (~1.0%, p < 0.05) and Phascolarctobacterium (~3.7%, p < 0.01) genera, and decreased Bifidobacterium (~3.0%, p < 0.01)]. Groups with extra training increased Blautia abundance (+1.6%, p < 0.05) and decreased Alistipes abundance (-0.4%, p < 0.05), which may be beneficial to gut physiology. Moreover, 21 specific microbial genera were identified to be significantly correlated with different cardiometabolic-health profiles (-0.782 ≤r ≤ 0.542).Collectively, the 4-week KD is a useful approach to improve body composition, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese Chinese females, but has no influence on gut microbial diversity and overall structure. When combined with exercise, there are additional benefits on cardiorespiratory fitness and gut physiology, and KD-HIIT is more time-saving. The microbial results support associations between gut microbiome and KD- or exercise-induced alterations in cardiometabolic health, however, further study is needed to identify specific gut microbial targets that have functional influences on cardiometabolic health.
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