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Empire on Edge: Land, Law, and Capit...

Cole, Camille Lyans.

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Empire on Edge: Land, Law, and Capital in Gilded Age Basra.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Empire on Edge: Land, Law, and Capital in Gilded Age Basra./
Author:	Cole, Camille Lyans.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	446 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-12A.
Subject:	Middle Eastern history. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27740874
ISBN:	9798516916069

Empire on Edge: Land, Law, and Capital in Gilded Age Basra.
Cole, Camille Lyans.

Empire on Edge: Land, Law, and Capital in Gilded Age Basra. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 446 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation locates the emergence of capitalism and modern state practice in the Persian Gulf port of Basra in elite manipulations of novel state instruments including land deeds, securitized guarantees, and nationality certificates. Globally, the nineteenth century witnessed an explosion of commodity agriculture and international trade along with state centralization, reconfiguring patterns of land use and land holding. This process, which created new forms of inequality within and between states, has largely been identified as a product of European capital and empire, while semi-peripheral states like the Ottoman Empire tried to salvage sovereignty and income through legal and bureaucratic consolidation. "Empire on Edge" instead examines how wealthy land owners and tax farmers, responding to Ottoman regulation and the expansion of export-oriented cultivation, combined land reclamation in the southern Iraqi marshlands with usurious futures contracts, fraudulent land deeds, and illegal border-crossing, among other tools, to consolidate date and rice estates. Elites embraced, and manipulated, "state" tools and vocabularies, causing officials to distrust bureaucratic instruments and discourses even as they relied on them. Land deeds created unresolveable anxiety about fraud, while securitized tax-farm guarantees generated panic over corrupt relations among tribes, and between tribes and officials. Linking nationality to land registration enabled Iranian purchases, bolstering conspiracy theories about foreign intrigues. Bringing together archival sources from Turkey, Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, and Britain with manuscript and printed material in Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Persian, and English, I trace how elite appropriation of state tools created new kinds of disorder. The debt cycles produced by guarantee loans forced shaykhs to invest in violence to retain tax-farm contracts, while date-plantation owners plotted to protect their wealth by advocating for autonomy across a novel cross-border political configuration spanning the northern Gulf."Empire on Edge" departs from other histories of nineteenth-century global capital in the Middle East in rejecting peripheralization as an overarching explanation for the dynamics of state, environment, and capital. Rather, by foregrounding the experiences of a small group of capitalists through a rich microhistorical exploration of their social, intellectual, and political worlds, I reveal that Basra, as much as New York or London, experienced a "Gilded Age" of wealth stratification and conspicuous consumption, based in the remaking of regional ecologies for plantation agriculture, along with ideological justification of those dynamics. Where historians have largely narrated a singular history of global capitalism which differentiates the experiences of core and periphery, I find that capitalisms emerged ad-hoc through the practice of capitalists who pursued accumulation through the use and misuse of state instruments, and the manipulation of human networks and regional ecologies.

ISBN: 9798516916069Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168386
Middle Eastern history.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Capitalism

Empire on Edge: Land, Law, and Capital in Gilded Age Basra.
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300 $a 446 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Mikhail, Alan.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a This dissertation locates the emergence of capitalism and modern state practice in the Persian Gulf port of Basra in elite manipulations of novel state instruments including land deeds, securitized guarantees, and nationality certificates. Globally, the nineteenth century witnessed an explosion of commodity agriculture and international trade along with state centralization, reconfiguring patterns of land use and land holding. This process, which created new forms of inequality within and between states, has largely been identified as a product of European capital and empire, while semi-peripheral states like the Ottoman Empire tried to salvage sovereignty and income through legal and bureaucratic consolidation. "Empire on Edge" instead examines how wealthy land owners and tax farmers, responding to Ottoman regulation and the expansion of export-oriented cultivation, combined land reclamation in the southern Iraqi marshlands with usurious futures contracts, fraudulent land deeds, and illegal border-crossing, among other tools, to consolidate date and rice estates. Elites embraced, and manipulated, "state" tools and vocabularies, causing officials to distrust bureaucratic instruments and discourses even as they relied on them. Land deeds created unresolveable anxiety about fraud, while securitized tax-farm guarantees generated panic over corrupt relations among tribes, and between tribes and officials. Linking nationality to land registration enabled Iranian purchases, bolstering conspiracy theories about foreign intrigues. Bringing together archival sources from Turkey, Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, and Britain with manuscript and printed material in Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Persian, and English, I trace how elite appropriation of state tools created new kinds of disorder. The debt cycles produced by guarantee loans forced shaykhs to invest in violence to retain tax-farm contracts, while date-plantation owners plotted to protect their wealth by advocating for autonomy across a novel cross-border political configuration spanning the northern Gulf."Empire on Edge" departs from other histories of nineteenth-century global capital in the Middle East in rejecting peripheralization as an overarching explanation for the dynamics of state, environment, and capital. Rather, by foregrounding the experiences of a small group of capitalists through a rich microhistorical exploration of their social, intellectual, and political worlds, I reveal that Basra, as much as New York or London, experienced a "Gilded Age" of wealth stratification and conspicuous consumption, based in the remaking of regional ecologies for plantation agriculture, along with ideological justification of those dynamics. Where historians have largely narrated a singular history of global capitalism which differentiates the experiences of core and periphery, I find that capitalisms emerged ad-hoc through the practice of capitalists who pursued accumulation through the use and misuse of state instruments, and the manipulation of human networks and regional ecologies.
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653 $a Ottoman Empire
653 $a Persian Gulf
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