東華大學圖書館 |

The Relationship Between Informal Employment and Health in Myanmar.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The Relationship Between Informal Employment and Health in Myanmar./
作者:	Ko, Thant Ko.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:	222 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-02, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-02A.
標題:	Public health. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13807608
ISBN:	9781085589093

The Relationship Between Informal Employment and Health in Myanmar.
Ko, Thant Ko.

The Relationship Between Informal Employment and Health in Myanmar. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 222 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-02, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Medical College of Wisconsin, 2019.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Background: The informal economy broadly refers to diverse employment arrangements and economic activities undertaken in both public and private spaces that do not provide sufficient social and legal protection for workers. Employment in the informal economy constitutes one half to two thirds of the non-agricultural employment in developing regions. Despite this high prevalence, it has been largely overlooked in global efforts to promote work-related health outcomes and reduce health inequities. Few studies have explored the diversity of informal workplaces and the role social contexts of informal work plays in determining workers' health status. This study examines how the physical and social environments in which two informal occupational groups, street vendors (SVs) and home-based garment workers (HBGWs) in Myanmar, operate influence their work and health. The study also explores barriers to promoting informal workers' rights and access to work-related social protection in the context of Myanmar.Methods: This study conducted 47 semi-structured in-depth interviews with SVs (n=24) and HBGWs (n=23), 11 key informant (KIs) interviews and 21 field observation sessions. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using MAXQDA software. Thematic content analysis and constant comparative method were used to analyze the qualitative data.Results: The study overall shows that the social contexts of informal work shape their exposure to physical health hazards, livelihood and income risks, and experiences of work-related social support and stress for both groups. SVs - who set up makeshift workplaces in unauthorized public spaces to avoid law enforcement - are more likely to experience the direct effects of outdoor pollution, inclement weather and ergonomic risks from lifting, carrying and transporting heavy merchandise. However, HBGWs - many of whom live and work in poorly constructed housing and deprived neighborhoods - are more likely to experience pollution in or near their homes, poor ventilation, high indoor temperatures and ergonomic risks from poor posture. Similarly, although both groups face safety challenges, their experiences differ. SVs face urban violence and abuse during their commute and at vending points whereas HBGWs' perception of safety is affected by the presence of crime and violence in their neighborhoods.The types of social relationships SVs and HBGWs have at work and social processes underlying their experiences of social support and stress also differ. SVs receive emotional and instrumental support from peer vendors who share similar experiences whereas HBGWs rely on family support to balance work and household/childcare duties. Working in unauthorized public spaces, SVs experience stress due to competition for space and discrimination from customers and formal actors. HBGWs' experience stress arising from gender norms that restrict their work participation and create role conflicts. Both groups face stressful relocation risks but those for SVs arise from their relationships with law enforcement while HBGWs' stress relates to their relationships with landlords.KIs discussed supply- and demand-side barriers related to informal workers' rights to legal recognition and work-related social protection benefits. The supply side barriers they identified include bias toward formal workers in existing labor laws, limitations in institutional capacities and health system deficiencies. They also identified informal workers' limited knowledge and/or interest in existing services, mistrust in public services and health-seeking behaviors as demand-side barriers. Additionally, labor activists (KIs) also discussed having difficulties in representing informal workers due to their missing voice in labor reforms, lack of labor standards for informal workers, limited funding and perceived restrictions on their advocacy.Conclusion: Informal work takes place in diverse social contexts and settings, which carry different physical and psychosocial risks for different informal subpopulations. Policy interventions to improve informal workers' health need to recognize this heterogeneity and look beyond physical health hazards to consider the health impacts of social relationships in informal workplaces. Collective bargaining could lead to improved labor standards for informal workers and give them voice to express their challenges and demand their rights as workers, but structural barriers need to be addressed to realize this goal.

ISBN: 9781085589093Subjects--Topical Terms:

534748
Public health.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Health Equity

The Relationship Between Informal Employment and Health in Myanmar.
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300 $a 222 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-02, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Dickson-Gomez, Julia B.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Medical College of Wisconsin, 2019.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a Background: The informal economy broadly refers to diverse employment arrangements and economic activities undertaken in both public and private spaces that do not provide sufficient social and legal protection for workers. Employment in the informal economy constitutes one half to two thirds of the non-agricultural employment in developing regions. Despite this high prevalence, it has been largely overlooked in global efforts to promote work-related health outcomes and reduce health inequities. Few studies have explored the diversity of informal workplaces and the role social contexts of informal work plays in determining workers' health status. This study examines how the physical and social environments in which two informal occupational groups, street vendors (SVs) and home-based garment workers (HBGWs) in Myanmar, operate influence their work and health. The study also explores barriers to promoting informal workers' rights and access to work-related social protection in the context of Myanmar.Methods: This study conducted 47 semi-structured in-depth interviews with SVs (n=24) and HBGWs (n=23), 11 key informant (KIs) interviews and 21 field observation sessions. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using MAXQDA software. Thematic content analysis and constant comparative method were used to analyze the qualitative data.Results: The study overall shows that the social contexts of informal work shape their exposure to physical health hazards, livelihood and income risks, and experiences of work-related social support and stress for both groups. SVs - who set up makeshift workplaces in unauthorized public spaces to avoid law enforcement - are more likely to experience the direct effects of outdoor pollution, inclement weather and ergonomic risks from lifting, carrying and transporting heavy merchandise. However, HBGWs - many of whom live and work in poorly constructed housing and deprived neighborhoods - are more likely to experience pollution in or near their homes, poor ventilation, high indoor temperatures and ergonomic risks from poor posture. Similarly, although both groups face safety challenges, their experiences differ. SVs face urban violence and abuse during their commute and at vending points whereas HBGWs' perception of safety is affected by the presence of crime and violence in their neighborhoods.The types of social relationships SVs and HBGWs have at work and social processes underlying their experiences of social support and stress also differ. SVs receive emotional and instrumental support from peer vendors who share similar experiences whereas HBGWs rely on family support to balance work and household/childcare duties. Working in unauthorized public spaces, SVs experience stress due to competition for space and discrimination from customers and formal actors. HBGWs' experience stress arising from gender norms that restrict their work participation and create role conflicts. Both groups face stressful relocation risks but those for SVs arise from their relationships with law enforcement while HBGWs' stress relates to their relationships with landlords.KIs discussed supply- and demand-side barriers related to informal workers' rights to legal recognition and work-related social protection benefits. The supply side barriers they identified include bias toward formal workers in existing labor laws, limitations in institutional capacities and health system deficiencies. They also identified informal workers' limited knowledge and/or interest in existing services, mistrust in public services and health-seeking behaviors as demand-side barriers. Additionally, labor activists (KIs) also discussed having difficulties in representing informal workers due to their missing voice in labor reforms, lack of labor standards for informal workers, limited funding and perceived restrictions on their advocacy.Conclusion: Informal work takes place in diverse social contexts and settings, which carry different physical and psychosocial risks for different informal subpopulations. Policy interventions to improve informal workers' health need to recognize this heterogeneity and look beyond physical health hazards to consider the health impacts of social relationships in informal workplaces. Collective bargaining could lead to improved labor standards for informal workers and give them voice to express their challenges and demand their rights as workers, but structural barriers need to be addressed to realize this goal.
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653 $a Informal Employment
653 $a Informality
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653 $a Social Determinants of Health
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