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Characterizing Influenza Virus Induc...

Choi, Angela.

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Characterizing Influenza Virus Induced Host Immune Responses that Protect Against Re-Infection.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Characterizing Influenza Virus Induced Host Immune Responses that Protect Against Re-Infection./
作者:	Choi, Angela.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	191 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-05B.
標題:	Microbiology. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28152603
ISBN:	9798684695261

Characterizing Influenza Virus Induced Host Immune Responses that Protect Against Re-Infection.
Choi, Angela.

Characterizing Influenza Virus Induced Host Immune Responses that Protect Against Re-Infection. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 191 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Influenza, a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses is still a major public health concern. Although vaccines against influenza virus are available, the viruses' ability to undergo mutational changes can make currently licensed vaccines ineffective. Due to repeated infections and vaccinations, humans acquire increasing levels of immunity towards influenza viruses over time. A better insight into the host immune response in the presence of pre-existing immunity can guide the improvement of current seasonal influenza vaccines, steer the development of universal influenza vaccines as well as suggest antiviral therapies. This thesis was undertaken to characterize the interplay between pathogen and host immune responses in vaccinated or infected hosts that can increase our understanding to induce broad and long-lasting immunity.Using a mouse model, we first characterized the humoral and cellular immune responses that were elicited after a chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA)-based broadly protective influenza virus vaccine. Using a mouse model, we found that sequential vaccination with different types of cHA-vaccine resulted in different levels of humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, we confirmed that adjuvants boosted immune responses and aided protection against influenza virus challenge (Chapter 2). Next, we investigated how host immune responses were modulated after vaccination with an inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine followed by infections with influenza A viruses or bacterial superinfection. We observed that pre-existing immunity can shift correlates of heterosubtypic protection from cellular to humoral in a vaccination and influenza virus reinfection model (Chapter 3). In addition, vaccination and influenza virus infection modulated the host immune responses that correlated with protection against an antigenically distinct pathogen - Staphylococcus aureus (Chapter 4). Overall, we noticed cellular changes in the lung/alveolar space following influenza virus infection. Finally, we analyzed the long-term changes in innate immunity in the virus-exposed lung after resolution of inflammation. In addition, we saw that local administration of a RIG-I agonist could take advantage of virus-induced lung remodeling to enhance protection during re-exposure to antigenically unrelated influenza B virus (Chapter 5).Altogether, this thesis provides information on virus-induced host-immune responses that correlate with protection against antigenically distinct pathogens. These host-immune responses are also affected by pre-existing immunity. The findings discussed in this thesis will help inform future influenza virus vaccine designs, antiviral and adjuvant development that can contribute to broad protection against antigenically diverse pathogens.

ISBN: 9798684695261Subjects--Topical Terms:

536250
Microbiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Adaptive immunity

Characterizing Influenza Virus Induced Host Immune Responses that Protect Against Re-Infection.
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