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Towards a Better Implementation of Accessibility Indicators in Land Use and Transport Planning Practice.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Towards a Better Implementation of Accessibility Indicators in Land Use and Transport Planning Practice./
作者:	Boisjoly, Genevieve.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:	180 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-06, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-06A.
標題:	Urban planning. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28248249
ISBN:	9798698518716

Towards a Better Implementation of Accessibility Indicators in Land Use and Transport Planning Practice.
Boisjoly, Genevieve.

Towards a Better Implementation of Accessibility Indicators in Land Use and Transport Planning Practice. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 180 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-06, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

In order to address the shortcomings of mobility-centered transport planning, planning for accessibility is increasingly considered as an essential complementary approach. This approach aims to provide reasonable access to destinations (employment centers, amenities, social and health services, etc.) to the entire population instead of prioritizing the optimization of travel times. Although a large body of literature has explored how to conceptualize and measure accessibility, research on how to incorporate accessibility in transport planning is scarce. Knowing that accessibility is currently marginalized in transport planning, the overarching goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the implementation of accessibility measures in land use and transport planning practice, by answering the following research question: How can accessibility measures be incorporated into current land use and transport planning practice in order to improve our understanding of the performance of land use and transport systems? To answer this question, the following objectives will be pursued: 1. To determine how accessibility is used in land use and transport planning practice; 2. To identify appropriate measures of accessibility to be used in land use and transport planning practice; 3. To generate measures of accessibility in a data-challenging context in collaboration with local transport planners. To reach these objectives, this dissertation follows a manuscript-based approach, with four studies building on one another. Collectively, these manuscripts address both the planning and research realms of transport planning through a multifaceted approach. Through an analysis of 32 metropolitan transport plans around the world, the first study reveals that, while the concept of accessibility is considered in most planning documents, it is rarely translated into goals and indicators that reflect the ease of reaching destinations. The findings of the first study are strengthened by a second study surveying 343 practitioners about accessibility. The results of the study demonstrate that most practitioners, although aware of the concept of accessibility, do not consider the ease of reaching destinations in their work. In addition, the results identify two main barriers to the implementation of accessibility indicators: lack of knowledge and lack of data. In light of the knowledge and data barriers, the third study assesses the usability of various accessibility measures from a planning perspective. Three measures of accessibility to jobs by public transport in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Region are generated and assessed through a mode share regression model. The study concludes that the simplest measure-the number of jobs that can be reached within 45 minutes of travel at 8 am-is the most adequate to assess the performance of land use and transport systems at the regional level. Using the measure identified in the above study, the last study conducts an equity assessment of public transport services in four large metropolitan areas in Brazil. The study, led in a data-challenging context, proposes a methodology that can be easily applied by any transport agencies and illustrates the relevance of the accessibility indicators to inform planning processes. Conducted in collaboration with local transport planners, the study also contributes to an enhanced collaboration between research and planning. Overall, this dissertation presents a set of complementary studies to bridge the gap between research and practice and better understand how accessibility indicators can be incorporated into current land use and transport planning practice. This dissertation demonstrates the importance of carefully and critically thinking about how to include accessibility indicators in practice, be it with respect to how it is defined or how it is measured, and about how research can better contribute to the current challenges faced by professionals.

ISBN: 9798698518716Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122922
Urban planning.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Accessibility

Towards a Better Implementation of Accessibility Indicators in Land Use and Transport Planning Practice.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2019.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a In order to address the shortcomings of mobility-centered transport planning, planning for accessibility is increasingly considered as an essential complementary approach. This approach aims to provide reasonable access to destinations (employment centers, amenities, social and health services, etc.) to the entire population instead of prioritizing the optimization of travel times. Although a large body of literature has explored how to conceptualize and measure accessibility, research on how to incorporate accessibility in transport planning is scarce. Knowing that accessibility is currently marginalized in transport planning, the overarching goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the implementation of accessibility measures in land use and transport planning practice, by answering the following research question: How can accessibility measures be incorporated into current land use and transport planning practice in order to improve our understanding of the performance of land use and transport systems? To answer this question, the following objectives will be pursued: 1. To determine how accessibility is used in land use and transport planning practice; 2. To identify appropriate measures of accessibility to be used in land use and transport planning practice; 3. To generate measures of accessibility in a data-challenging context in collaboration with local transport planners. To reach these objectives, this dissertation follows a manuscript-based approach, with four studies building on one another. Collectively, these manuscripts address both the planning and research realms of transport planning through a multifaceted approach. Through an analysis of 32 metropolitan transport plans around the world, the first study reveals that, while the concept of accessibility is considered in most planning documents, it is rarely translated into goals and indicators that reflect the ease of reaching destinations. The findings of the first study are strengthened by a second study surveying 343 practitioners about accessibility. The results of the study demonstrate that most practitioners, although aware of the concept of accessibility, do not consider the ease of reaching destinations in their work. In addition, the results identify two main barriers to the implementation of accessibility indicators: lack of knowledge and lack of data. In light of the knowledge and data barriers, the third study assesses the usability of various accessibility measures from a planning perspective. Three measures of accessibility to jobs by public transport in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Region are generated and assessed through a mode share regression model. The study concludes that the simplest measure-the number of jobs that can be reached within 45 minutes of travel at 8 am-is the most adequate to assess the performance of land use and transport systems at the regional level. Using the measure identified in the above study, the last study conducts an equity assessment of public transport services in four large metropolitan areas in Brazil. The study, led in a data-challenging context, proposes a methodology that can be easily applied by any transport agencies and illustrates the relevance of the accessibility indicators to inform planning processes. Conducted in collaboration with local transport planners, the study also contributes to an enhanced collaboration between research and planning. Overall, this dissertation presents a set of complementary studies to bridge the gap between research and practice and better understand how accessibility indicators can be incorporated into current land use and transport planning practice. This dissertation demonstrates the importance of carefully and critically thinking about how to include accessibility indicators in practice, be it with respect to how it is defined or how it is measured, and about how research can better contribute to the current challenges faced by professionals.
520 $a Afin de repondre aux lacunes d'une approche centree sur la mobilite, la planification centree sur l'accessibilite est de plus en plus consideree comme une approche essentielle a la planification des transports. Cette planification vise a s'assurer que l'ensemble de la population ait un acces raisonnable aux destinations urbaines, plutot que de privilegier l'optimisation des temps de deplacements. Si de nombreuses etudes ont explore comment conceptualiser et mesurer l'accessibilite, la litterature portant sur l'integration de l'accessibilite dans la planification des transports se fait plus rare. Sachant que l'accessibilite est actuellement marginalisee dans la pratique, cette these vise a contribuer a la mise en oeuvre des mesures d'accessibilite dans la planification des transports et de l'amenagement du territoire, en repondant a la question suivante : Comment les mesures d'accessibilite peuvent-elles etre integree dans la planification des transports et de l'amenagement du territoire afin d'ameliorer notre comprehension de la performance de ceux-ci ? Afin de repondre a cette question, les objectifs suivants sont mis de l'avant : 1. Determiner de quelle facon l'accessibilite est consideree dans la planification des transports et de l'amenagement du territoire ; 2. Identifier des mesures appropriees d'accessibilite pour la planification des transports et de l'amenagement du territoire ; 3. Generer des mesures d'accessibilite en collaboration avec des professionnels en transport dans un contexte ou les donnees sont limitees. Ces trois objectifs de recherche sont realises par le biais d'une serie de quatre etudes qui s'appuient les unes sur les autres, considerant autant le domaine de la recherche que celui de la planification. La premiere etude analyse 32 plans de transport et demontre que, bien que le concept d'accessibilite soit present dans la plupart des plans, celui-ci se traduit rarement par des indicateurs refletant la facilite d'acceder aux destinations. Les resultats de cette premiere etude sont renforces par une seconde etude ayant sonde 343 professionnels en transport a propos de l'accessibilite. Cette etude demontre que la plupart des professionnels, bien qu'ils soient familiers avec le concept d'accessibilite, ne considerent pas la facilite d'acceder aux destinations dans leur travail. De plus, l'analyse des resultats revelent deux barrieres principales a l'utilisation d'indicateurs d'accessibilite : le manque de connaissances et le manque de donnees. A la lumiere des barrieres identifiees ci-dessus, la troisieme etude compare l'utilite, pour la planification des transports, de differentes mesures d'accessibilite. L'etude conclut que la mesure la plus simple-le nombre d'emplois accessibles en moins de 45 minutes a 8h-est la mesure la plus adequate pour evaluer la performance des systemes de transport et d'amenagement du territoire au niveau metropolitain. A l'aide de cette mesure, la derniere etude realise une analyse de l'equite des transports en commun dans quatre regions metropolitaines au Bresil, illustrant ainsi la pertinence des indicateurs d'accessibilite pour informer la planification des transports et de l'amenagement du. Cette etude contribue aussi a une meilleure collaboration entre chercheurs et professionnels, ayant ete realisee en collaboration avec des professionnels en transport. En conclusion, cette these propose une serie d'etudes complementaires visant a combler l'ecart entre la recherche et la pratique afin de mieux comprendre comment les indicateurs d'accessibilite peuvent etre integres dans la planification des transports et de l'amenagement du territoire. Elle demontre ainsi l'importance de se questionner sur comment inclure l'accessibilite dans la planification des transports, que ce soit par rapport a sa definition ou a son operationnalisation en pratique, et de comment la recherche peut contribuer de facon plus significative aux enjeux auxquels les professionnels font face.
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