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MEmO: Multigenerational Exposure in Ecotoxicological Model Species: Effects, Mechanisms and Implications = = MEmO: exposicao multigeracional de organismos em ecotoxicologia: efeitos, mecanismos e implicacoes.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	MEmO: Multigenerational Exposure in Ecotoxicological Model Species: Effects, Mechanisms and Implications =/
其他題名:	MEmO: exposicao multigeracional de organismos em ecotoxicologia: efeitos, mecanismos e implicacoes.
作者:	Guimaraes, Bruno Miguel Machado.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	139 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-11B.
標題:	Microbiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27933682
ISBN:	9781658479769

MEmO: Multigenerational Exposure in Ecotoxicological Model Species: Effects, Mechanisms and Implications = = MEmO: exposicao multigeracional de organismos em ecotoxicologia: efeitos, mecanismos e implicacoes.
Guimaraes, Bruno Miguel Machado.

MEmO: Multigenerational Exposure in Ecotoxicological Model Species: Effects, Mechanisms and Implications =MEmO: exposicao multigeracional de organismos em ecotoxicologia: efeitos, mecanismos e implicacoes. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 139 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-11, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal), 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Anthropogenic pollutants are continuously released into the environment, which can result in long term exposure to soil organisms. Currently, standard guidelines focus on the assessment of effects to only one life stage, mostly juveniles, during a fixed exposure time. Additionally, these methods evaluate harmful effects of compounds to e.g. organism's survival, reproduction and avoidance. Results obtained when testing these endpoints, even when combined, can under-/over-estimate potential damage to soil fauna. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to develop and explore different methodologies to assess the effects of pollutants, namely using different life stages of the soil ecotoxicological model species Folsomia candida and multigenerational exposure. Moreover, it was aimed to integrate a multi-endpoint approach, by comparing the sensitivity of the endpoints proposed in the standard methods, with additional tested ones. The assessment of the effects of a well-known and studied metal, cadmium, to different life stages of F. candida provided new and valuable information to understand how these organisms are affected. Cadmium decreased reproduction after exposure of adults, while no effect on hatching, survival and reproduction was observed when organisms were exposed from eggs. Therefore, effects of contaminants can cause different impact depending on the organism's age. Also, an assessment of different endpoints may result in more detailed conclusions. After evaluation the concentration addition (CA) model to predict the toxicity of a mixture (biocidal product), both to assess reproduction and avoidance behaviour, two distinct results were obtained. While the model was able to predict effects on reproduction, it strongly underestimated the impact on avoidance. The evaluation of the impact of pollutants after multigenerational exposure showed to have an unpredictable impact over the generations. While the impact of ivermectin (veterinary product) to survival and reproduction of F. candida was similar in all three tested generations, the size of the organisms decreased. Effects on size were also observed after exposure to an insect growth regulator - teflubenzuron, in addition to a decrease in survival and reproduction with increasing time of exposure, i.e. along generations. Since size has a crucial role to reproduction, the continuity of the population may be at risk if exposed during long periods of time. Also, different results from cellular and biochemical markers were obtained across generations, which contributed to the understanding of the effects and mechanisms involved after long term exposure. This thesis shows that the present guidelines can be improved by the incorporation of new parameters in addition to the currently required or standard endpoints. The multi-endpoint approach used in this work, which incorporated measurement of size and evaluation of cellular and biochemical markers, in combination with standard endpoints such as survival, reproduction and avoidance, showed the added value of the inclusion of a more integrative approach to the current risk assessment framework.

ISBN: 9781658479769Subjects--Topical Terms:

536250
Microbiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Ecotoxicology

MEmO: Multigenerational Exposure in Ecotoxicological Model Species: Effects, Mechanisms and Implications = = MEmO: exposicao multigeracional de organismos em ecotoxicologia: efeitos, mecanismos e implicacoes.
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520 $a Anthropogenic pollutants are continuously released into the environment, which can result in long term exposure to soil organisms. Currently, standard guidelines focus on the assessment of effects to only one life stage, mostly juveniles, during a fixed exposure time. Additionally, these methods evaluate harmful effects of compounds to e.g. organism's survival, reproduction and avoidance. Results obtained when testing these endpoints, even when combined, can under-/over-estimate potential damage to soil fauna. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to develop and explore different methodologies to assess the effects of pollutants, namely using different life stages of the soil ecotoxicological model species Folsomia candida and multigenerational exposure. Moreover, it was aimed to integrate a multi-endpoint approach, by comparing the sensitivity of the endpoints proposed in the standard methods, with additional tested ones. The assessment of the effects of a well-known and studied metal, cadmium, to different life stages of F. candida provided new and valuable information to understand how these organisms are affected. Cadmium decreased reproduction after exposure of adults, while no effect on hatching, survival and reproduction was observed when organisms were exposed from eggs. Therefore, effects of contaminants can cause different impact depending on the organism's age. Also, an assessment of different endpoints may result in more detailed conclusions. After evaluation the concentration addition (CA) model to predict the toxicity of a mixture (biocidal product), both to assess reproduction and avoidance behaviour, two distinct results were obtained. While the model was able to predict effects on reproduction, it strongly underestimated the impact on avoidance. The evaluation of the impact of pollutants after multigenerational exposure showed to have an unpredictable impact over the generations. While the impact of ivermectin (veterinary product) to survival and reproduction of F. candida was similar in all three tested generations, the size of the organisms decreased. Effects on size were also observed after exposure to an insect growth regulator - teflubenzuron, in addition to a decrease in survival and reproduction with increasing time of exposure, i.e. along generations. Since size has a crucial role to reproduction, the continuity of the population may be at risk if exposed during long periods of time. Also, different results from cellular and biochemical markers were obtained across generations, which contributed to the understanding of the effects and mechanisms involved after long term exposure. This thesis shows that the present guidelines can be improved by the incorporation of new parameters in addition to the currently required or standard endpoints. The multi-endpoint approach used in this work, which incorporated measurement of size and evaluation of cellular and biochemical markers, in combination with standard endpoints such as survival, reproduction and avoidance, showed the added value of the inclusion of a more integrative approach to the current risk assessment framework.
520 $a Os poluentes antropogenicos sao continuamente libertados para o meio ambiente, o que pode resultar numa exposicao de longa duracao para os organismos do solo. Atualmente, as normas padrao visam a avaliacao de efeitos em apenas um estadio de vida, geralmente juvenis, durante um determinado periodo de tempo. Alem disso, estes metodos avaliam os efeitos nocivos destes compostos p.e. na sobrevivencia, reproducao e comportamento de evitamento dos organismos. Os resultados obtidos com estes parametros, mesmo quando combinados, podem potencialmente sub/sobrestimar as consequencias para a fauna do solo. Assim, o principal objetivo desta tese foi desenvolver e explorar diferentes metodologias para avaliar os efeitos de poluentes, especificamente usando diferentes estadios de vida do organismo modelo ecotoxicologico Folsomia candida e a exposicao multigeracional. Alem disso, objetivou-se integrar uma abordagem multiparametrica, comparando a sensibilidade dos parametros propostos pelos metodos padrao, com outros ja testados. A avaliacao dos efeitos de um conhecido e bastante estudado metal, o cadmio, em diferentes estagios de vida da Folsomia candida, forneceu novas e valiosas informacoes para perceber como estes organismos sao afetados. O cadmio diminuiu a reproducao apos a exposicao de adultos, contudo nao foram observados efeitos ao nivel da eclosao, sobrevivencia e reproducao quando os organismos foram expostos a partir de ovos. Assim, os efeitos dos contaminantes podem causar impactos diferentes dependendo da idade dos organismos. Alem disso, uma avaliacao de diferentes parametros permite conclusoes mais detalhadas. Apos a avaliacao do modelo de concentracaoadicao (CA) para prever a toxicidade de uma mistura (produto biocida) na reproducao e evitamento, dois resultados distintos foram obtidos. Enquanto que o modelo foi capaz de prever os efeitos na reproducao, subestimou fortemente o impacto no evitamento. A avaliacao do impacto dos poluentes apos exposicao multigeracional mostrou ter consequencias imprevisiveis ao longo das geracoes. Enquanto que o impacto do farmaco antiparasitario ivermectina na sobrevivencia e reproducao de F. candida foi similar nas tres geracoes testadas, o tamanho dos organismos diminuiu. Efeitos no tamanho foram tambem observados apos exposicao ao inseticida teflubenzuron, alem de uma diminuicao na sobrevivencia e reproducao com o aumento do tempo de exposicao, isto e, ao longo das geracoes. Dado que o tamanho e essencial para a capacidade reprodutiva, a continuidade das populacoes pode estar em risco se estiverem expostas durante longos periodos de tempo. Alem disso, foram obtidos diferentes resultados de marcadores celulares e bioquimicos entre geracoes, o que contribuiu para a compreensao dos efeitos e mecanismos envolvidos apos uma longa exposicao. Esta tese demonstra que as normas atuais podem ser melhoradas com a inclusao de novos parametros aos que sao requeridos atualmente ou considerados padrao. A abordagem multiparametrica usada neste trabalho, que incorporou a medicao do tamanho e avaliacao de biomarcadores, em combinacao com os parametros padrao, tais como a sobrevivencia, reproducao e evitamento, mostrou a importancia da inclusao de uma abordagem mais integrativa no quadro atual de avaliacao de risco.
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