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Pre-existing and Potential Particulate Patterns in Populous Places: Probing Pollution Parity for the Poor and the Prosperous.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Pre-existing and Potential Particulate Patterns in Populous Places: Probing Pollution Parity for the Poor and the Prosperous./
Author:	Shah, Rishabh Urvesh.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	171 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-04A.
Subject:	Atmospheric sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13895458
ISBN:	9781088300848

Pre-existing and Potential Particulate Patterns in Populous Places: Probing Pollution Parity for the Poor and the Prosperous.
Shah, Rishabh Urvesh.

Pre-existing and Potential Particulate Patterns in Populous Places: Probing Pollution Parity for the Poor and the Prosperous. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 171 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 2019.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

As of 2018, 55% of the world's total population lives in urban areas, and this is projected to become 68% by 2050. In urban areas, anthropogenic activities such as tailpipe emissions, cooking, biomass burning, etc. result in poor air quality. Airborne fine particulate matter (PM; diameter < 2.5 μm) has adverse health effects. Further, ultrafine particles (diameter < 0.1 μm) are more concentrated near points of emission (e.g., highways), which is a con- cern because of their worse health effects compared to accumulation-mode particles (0.1 < diameter 1 μm). Organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC), collectively "primary carbonaceous aerosols", contribute nearly half of urban PM mass, and strongly contribute to its spatial variability. OA is also the most complex to characterize because of the thousands of different species composing it. This thesis investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of urban carbonaceous aerosols, how their variabilities can be related to their sources, how these variabilities affect different intra-urban population groups differently, and how these urban emissions are processed in the atmosphere to produce secondary OA (SOA).OA that is directly emitted from sources (primary OA, or POA) is strongly co-variable with spatial arrangement of common sources. Chapter 3 of this thesis shows that cooking activities, and vehicle tailpipe emissions are an important source of urban POA, collectively contributing nearly 45% of urban OA. Both of these POA components are more concentrated in downtown street canyons, suggesting a strong influence from commercial activities such as restaurants, food trucks, and roadways of heavy traffic volumes (e.g., highways). Since these are universally common urban landscape features, and are distributed in varying densities across intra-urban neighborhoods, this thesis investigates the spatial lengthscales over which restaurants and highways directly influence nearby air quality. Further, because different intra-urban neighborhoods are home to different demographics, this thesis also investigates the socio-economic disparities in exposure to these directly emitted pollutants. A key finding from this analysis is that low-income populations are far more likely to be exposed to commercial cooking emissions than higher-income populations. Similar disparities are also found in the exposures of different racial-ethnic groups to commercial cooking emissions: non-White populations (Black, Hispanic, Asian, etc.) are on average exposed to higher- than-average levels of COA, while White population is exposed to equal or below average COA levels.Another key finding of this thesis is that in addition to POA from cooking and vehicles, SOA is also modestly elevated in downtown street canyon. A strongly intuitive explanation for this is that the relatively larger pool of organic gas-phase emissions in downtown under- goes rapid photochemical processing, resulting in this additional downtown SOA. Further, it is not just traditional sources such as vehicle tailpipe emissions and biogenic emissions that contribute to this reactive pool. Volatile chemical products (VCPs; from non-combustion petrochemical sources such as personal care products, pigments, etc.) are also important sources, especially in populous places such as downtown street canyons. Through a combination of measurements and modeling, this thesis shows direct observational evidence that the that the relative contribution from VCPs towards rapidly-forming SOA is equally (if not more) important as that from traditional sources. Lastly, this thesis shows that the SOA yields of different VCPs (deodorants, paints, etc.) are orders of magnitude apart. These findings imply that further characterization of VCPs is warranted for understanding and mitigating their role in urban SOA formation.

ISBN: 9781088300848Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168354
Atmospheric sciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Air pollution

Pre-existing and Potential Particulate Patterns in Populous Places: Probing Pollution Parity for the Poor and the Prosperous.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: A.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 2019.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
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520 $a As of 2018, 55% of the world's total population lives in urban areas, and this is projected to become 68% by 2050. In urban areas, anthropogenic activities such as tailpipe emissions, cooking, biomass burning, etc. result in poor air quality. Airborne fine particulate matter (PM; diameter < 2.5 μm) has adverse health effects. Further, ultrafine particles (diameter < 0.1 μm) are more concentrated near points of emission (e.g., highways), which is a con- cern because of their worse health effects compared to accumulation-mode particles (0.1 < diameter 1 μm). Organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC), collectively "primary carbonaceous aerosols", contribute nearly half of urban PM mass, and strongly contribute to its spatial variability. OA is also the most complex to characterize because of the thousands of different species composing it. This thesis investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of urban carbonaceous aerosols, how their variabilities can be related to their sources, how these variabilities affect different intra-urban population groups differently, and how these urban emissions are processed in the atmosphere to produce secondary OA (SOA).OA that is directly emitted from sources (primary OA, or POA) is strongly co-variable with spatial arrangement of common sources. Chapter 3 of this thesis shows that cooking activities, and vehicle tailpipe emissions are an important source of urban POA, collectively contributing nearly 45% of urban OA. Both of these POA components are more concentrated in downtown street canyons, suggesting a strong influence from commercial activities such as restaurants, food trucks, and roadways of heavy traffic volumes (e.g., highways). Since these are universally common urban landscape features, and are distributed in varying densities across intra-urban neighborhoods, this thesis investigates the spatial lengthscales over which restaurants and highways directly influence nearby air quality. Further, because different intra-urban neighborhoods are home to different demographics, this thesis also investigates the socio-economic disparities in exposure to these directly emitted pollutants. A key finding from this analysis is that low-income populations are far more likely to be exposed to commercial cooking emissions than higher-income populations. Similar disparities are also found in the exposures of different racial-ethnic groups to commercial cooking emissions: non-White populations (Black, Hispanic, Asian, etc.) are on average exposed to higher- than-average levels of COA, while White population is exposed to equal or below average COA levels.Another key finding of this thesis is that in addition to POA from cooking and vehicles, SOA is also modestly elevated in downtown street canyon. A strongly intuitive explanation for this is that the relatively larger pool of organic gas-phase emissions in downtown under- goes rapid photochemical processing, resulting in this additional downtown SOA. Further, it is not just traditional sources such as vehicle tailpipe emissions and biogenic emissions that contribute to this reactive pool. Volatile chemical products (VCPs; from non-combustion petrochemical sources such as personal care products, pigments, etc.) are also important sources, especially in populous places such as downtown street canyons. Through a combination of measurements and modeling, this thesis shows direct observational evidence that the that the relative contribution from VCPs towards rapidly-forming SOA is equally (if not more) important as that from traditional sources. Lastly, this thesis shows that the SOA yields of different VCPs (deodorants, paints, etc.) are orders of magnitude apart. These findings imply that further characterization of VCPs is warranted for understanding and mitigating their role in urban SOA formation.
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