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Radium, Strontium and Barium in Hydr...

Ouyang, Bingjie.

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Radium, Strontium and Barium in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater - Distribution, Dissolution, and Co-Precipitation.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Radium, Strontium and Barium in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater - Distribution, Dissolution, and Co-Precipitation./
作者:	Ouyang, Bingjie.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:	195 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-12B.
標題:	Environmental Geology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13884300
ISBN:	9781392179468

Radium, Strontium and Barium in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater - Distribution, Dissolution, and Co-Precipitation.
Ouyang, Bingjie.

Radium, Strontium and Barium in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater - Distribution, Dissolution, and Co-Precipitation. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 195 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dartmouth College, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) wastewater is hyper-saline, with high levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs, e.g., radioactive radium-226 and radium-228), trace levels of heavy metals, and suspended particles. These materials are potential sources of environmental contamination. This dissertation is focused on the concentrations of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and radium (Ra) in wastewater. The goals are: to examine distributions of Ba, Sr, and Ra in wastewater; to investigate bio-mediated dissolution of BaSO4 under conditions approximating wastewater chemistry; to explore the mechanisms of radio-BaSO4 and radio-SrSO4 co-precipitation for Ra removal; and to relate cations in wastewater to their sources and geochemical processes.Several inter-related projects were carried out, including 1) sequential extraction experiments to characterize Ba, Sr, and Ra distribution in wastewater and assess the effectiveness of a Ra removal method, 2) batch and in situ experiments to investigate rates of BaSO4 dissolution and crystallographic changes under effects of bacteria and organic ligands, 3) Ra, Ba, Sr co-precipitation experiments under controlled solution conditions, and 4) data analyses to identify sources and processes responsible for the chemical evolution of wastewater due to fracking.The projects produced several important observations and inferences. First, the sequential extraction results showed that ~50 % of Ra-226 in the suspended solid of wastewater was associated with soluble salts and readily exchangeable fractions. Such labile Ra must be immobilized before waste disposal. Second, soluble radioactive Ra can be removed by co-precipitation with SrSO4 and BaSO4. The effectiveness of Ra removal depends upon Ra:Sr:Ba:SO4 combinations in the solution and the ionic strength of the wastewater; this can be quantified with a thermodynamic model developed in this study. Third, BaSO4 dissolves more rapidly in the presence of bacteria and selected chelators, with mechanisms different from those operating under pure inorganic chemical conditions. Fourth, analyses using statistical and machine learning methods of returned wastewater from fracking show significant contributions from fracking-induced water-rock interactions to elevated Ra activity in the wastewater. All these findings have advanced our understanding of chemical processes related to fracking, and provide guidance to industrial practice in scale prevention and waste treatment.

ISBN: 9781392179468Subjects--Topical Terms:

1672929
Environmental Geology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Barium

Radium, Strontium and Barium in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater - Distribution, Dissolution, and Co-Precipitation.
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300 $a 195 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-12, Section: B.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Feng, Xiahong;Renock, Devon J.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dartmouth College, 2019.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) wastewater is hyper-saline, with high levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs, e.g., radioactive radium-226 and radium-228), trace levels of heavy metals, and suspended particles. These materials are potential sources of environmental contamination. This dissertation is focused on the concentrations of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and radium (Ra) in wastewater. The goals are: to examine distributions of Ba, Sr, and Ra in wastewater; to investigate bio-mediated dissolution of BaSO4 under conditions approximating wastewater chemistry; to explore the mechanisms of radio-BaSO4 and radio-SrSO4 co-precipitation for Ra removal; and to relate cations in wastewater to their sources and geochemical processes.Several inter-related projects were carried out, including 1) sequential extraction experiments to characterize Ba, Sr, and Ra distribution in wastewater and assess the effectiveness of a Ra removal method, 2) batch and in situ experiments to investigate rates of BaSO4 dissolution and crystallographic changes under effects of bacteria and organic ligands, 3) Ra, Ba, Sr co-precipitation experiments under controlled solution conditions, and 4) data analyses to identify sources and processes responsible for the chemical evolution of wastewater due to fracking.The projects produced several important observations and inferences. First, the sequential extraction results showed that ~50 % of Ra-226 in the suspended solid of wastewater was associated with soluble salts and readily exchangeable fractions. Such labile Ra must be immobilized before waste disposal. Second, soluble radioactive Ra can be removed by co-precipitation with SrSO4 and BaSO4. The effectiveness of Ra removal depends upon Ra:Sr:Ba:SO4 combinations in the solution and the ionic strength of the wastewater; this can be quantified with a thermodynamic model developed in this study. Third, BaSO4 dissolves more rapidly in the presence of bacteria and selected chelators, with mechanisms different from those operating under pure inorganic chemical conditions. Fourth, analyses using statistical and machine learning methods of returned wastewater from fracking show significant contributions from fracking-induced water-rock interactions to elevated Ra activity in the wastewater. All these findings have advanced our understanding of chemical processes related to fracking, and provide guidance to industrial practice in scale prevention and waste treatment.
590 $a School code: 0059.
650 4 $a Environmental Geology. $3 1672929
650 4 $a Biogeochemistry. $3 545717
650 4 $a Geochemistry. $3 539092
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653 $a Co-precipitation
653 $a Radium
653 $a Strontium
653 $a Wastewater
690 $a 0407
690 $a 0425
690 $a 0996
710 2 $a Dartmouth College. $b Earth Sciences. $3 3346281
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 80-12B.
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793 $a English
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