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Lake Icepack and Dry Snowpack Thickn...

Mousavi, Seyedmohammad.

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Lake Icepack and Dry Snowpack Thickness Measurement Using Coherent Multipath Interference of Wideband Planck Radiation.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Lake Icepack and Dry Snowpack Thickness Measurement Using Coherent Multipath Interference of Wideband Planck Radiation./
作者:	Mousavi, Seyedmohammad.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	166 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-11B.
標題:	Electromagnetics. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28006550
ISBN:	9798643184935

Lake Icepack and Dry Snowpack Thickness Measurement Using Coherent Multipath Interference of Wideband Planck Radiation.
Mousavi, Seyedmohammad.

Lake Icepack and Dry Snowpack Thickness Measurement Using Coherent Multipath Interference of Wideband Planck Radiation. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 166 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-11, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The seasonal terrestrial snowpack is an important source of water for many parts of the globe. The global quantification of the amount of water in the snowpack reservoir has been a long term objective of most remote sensing applications. Thus far, the primary means of quantifying the amount of snow on the ground has been via the differential scatter-darkening mechanism, such as 19 and 37 GHz brightness difference. This technique is region specific and depends on the statistics of snow grain sizes. While a time series of more than 35 years of passive microwave data has been made, progress in understanding the scatter-darkening brightness signature of snow continues, especially for forested areas where vegetation scattering confounds the signature. In addition, monitoring the ice thickness is important in analyzing the pressure exerted to off-shore structures such as wind farms. It is also an essential parameter for the safety of ice fishing and ice skating activities. The current and traditional method of ice thickness measurement is by drilling holes through the ice, which is not only cumbersome but also dangerous. Hence, an accurate remote sensing technique is needed to safely and non-destructively measure the ice and snow thickness. In this work, a novel microwave radiometric technique, wideband autocorrelation radiometry (WiBAR), is introduced. The radiometer offers a direct method to remotely measure the microwave propagation time difference of multipath microwave emission from low-loss layered surfaces, such as a dry snowpack and a freshwater lake icepack. The microwave propagation time difference through the pack yields a measure of its vertical extent; thus, this technique provides a direct measurement of depth. It is also a low-power sensing method since there is no transmitter. A simple geophysical forward model for the multipath interference phenomenon is presented, and the system requirements needed to design a WiBAR instrument are derived. Three different versions of WiBAR instruments operating at L-, S-, and X-band are fabricated from commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components. To validate the WiBAR method, simulated laboratory measurements are first performed using a microwave scene simulator circuit. Finally, to prove the potential of this technique as an inversion algorithm, many field measurements were conducted in different winter seasons in the Upper Midwest region, Michigan and Minnesota. It is demonstrated that a WiBAR instrument operating in the frequency range of 7-10 GHz (X-band) can directly measure the icepack thicknesses from nadir to 59 degree of incidence angles. The WiBAR was able to measure the lake icepack thicknesses in the range of 22-59 cm with an accuracy of about 2 cm over this range of incidence angles.

ISBN: 9798643184935Subjects--Topical Terms:

3173223
Electromagnetics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Microwave radiometry

Lake Icepack and Dry Snowpack Thickness Measurement Using Coherent Multipath Interference of Wideband Planck Radiation.
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245 1 0 $a Lake Icepack and Dry Snowpack Thickness Measurement Using Coherent Multipath Interference of Wideband Planck Radiation.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2020
300 $a 166 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-11, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: De Roo, Roger Dean;Sarabandi, Kamal.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a The seasonal terrestrial snowpack is an important source of water for many parts of the globe. The global quantification of the amount of water in the snowpack reservoir has been a long term objective of most remote sensing applications. Thus far, the primary means of quantifying the amount of snow on the ground has been via the differential scatter-darkening mechanism, such as 19 and 37 GHz brightness difference. This technique is region specific and depends on the statistics of snow grain sizes. While a time series of more than 35 years of passive microwave data has been made, progress in understanding the scatter-darkening brightness signature of snow continues, especially for forested areas where vegetation scattering confounds the signature. In addition, monitoring the ice thickness is important in analyzing the pressure exerted to off-shore structures such as wind farms. It is also an essential parameter for the safety of ice fishing and ice skating activities. The current and traditional method of ice thickness measurement is by drilling holes through the ice, which is not only cumbersome but also dangerous. Hence, an accurate remote sensing technique is needed to safely and non-destructively measure the ice and snow thickness. In this work, a novel microwave radiometric technique, wideband autocorrelation radiometry (WiBAR), is introduced. The radiometer offers a direct method to remotely measure the microwave propagation time difference of multipath microwave emission from low-loss layered surfaces, such as a dry snowpack and a freshwater lake icepack. The microwave propagation time difference through the pack yields a measure of its vertical extent; thus, this technique provides a direct measurement of depth. It is also a low-power sensing method since there is no transmitter. A simple geophysical forward model for the multipath interference phenomenon is presented, and the system requirements needed to design a WiBAR instrument are derived. Three different versions of WiBAR instruments operating at L-, S-, and X-band are fabricated from commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components. To validate the WiBAR method, simulated laboratory measurements are first performed using a microwave scene simulator circuit. Finally, to prove the potential of this technique as an inversion algorithm, many field measurements were conducted in different winter seasons in the Upper Midwest region, Michigan and Minnesota. It is demonstrated that a WiBAR instrument operating in the frequency range of 7-10 GHz (X-band) can directly measure the icepack thicknesses from nadir to 59 degree of incidence angles. The WiBAR was able to measure the lake icepack thicknesses in the range of 22-59 cm with an accuracy of about 2 cm over this range of incidence angles.
590 $a School code: 0127.
650 4 $a Electromagnetics. $3 3173223
650 4 $a Remote sensing. $3 535394
650 4 $a Environmental science. $3 677245
650 4 $a Electrical engineering. $3 649834
653 $a Microwave radiometry
653 $a Ice
653 $a Snow
653 $a Multi-path interference
653 $a Autocorrelation
690 $a 0544
690 $a 0607
690 $a 0768
690 $a 0799
710 2 $a University of Michigan. $b Electrical Engineering. $3 2093655
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 81-11B.
790 $a 0127
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2020
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28006550