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Habitat Loss, Fragmentation and Climatic Drivers of Avian Diversity across the Andes and Implications for Climate Change = = Perdida de habitat, fragmentacion y determinantes climaticos de la diversidad de aves a lo largo elos Andes y sus implicaciones para el cambio climatico.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Habitat Loss, Fragmentation and Climatic Drivers of Avian Diversity across the Andes and Implications for Climate Change =/
其他題名:	Perdida de habitat, fragmentacion y determinantes climaticos de la diversidad de aves a lo largo elos Andes y sus implicaciones para el cambio climatico.
作者:	Sevillano-Rios, Cristian Steven.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	219 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-12B.
標題:	Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27964701
ISBN:	9798641249148

Habitat Loss, Fragmentation and Climatic Drivers of Avian Diversity across the Andes and Implications for Climate Change = = Perdida de habitat, fragmentacion y determinantes climaticos de la diversidad de aves a lo largo elos Andes y sus implicaciones para el cambio climatico.
Sevillano-Rios, Cristian Steven.

Habitat Loss, Fragmentation and Climatic Drivers of Avian Diversity across the Andes and Implications for Climate Change =Perdida de habitat, fragmentacion y determinantes climaticos de la diversidad de aves a lo largo elos Andes y sus implicaciones para el cambio climatico. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 219 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The diversity of life on our planet is under siege. Around the world habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation are among the main threats to biodiversity, with negative outcomes exacerbated by climate change. Our poor understanding of the mechanisms governing ecological responses to global change, especially in tropical montane systems, constrains our ability to predict and mitigate these threats to biodiversity. This dissertation addresses the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation and climatic drivers on avian diversity across the Andes, with a special focus on the implications for climate change. Specifically, we examined (1) sensitivity of birds to forest cover and patch size within one of the most threatened ecosystems of the Andes, Polylepis forests, (2) how factors related to climate, landscape configuration and human activities at regional scales shape patterns of avian species richness and endemism along elevational gradients in the western slope of the Andes, (3) the extent to which relationships between elevation and avian diversity at continental scales are influenced by complex interactions between temperature and precipitation, and (4) the degree to which avian communities in the Andes can persist under future climate scenarios. We surveyed 88 bird species across 59 Polylepis patches within five glacier valleys (3,300 to 4,700 m a.s.l.) of Cordillera Blanca (Ancash-Peru). We also compiled elevational ranges of 212 species within the region and 2,384 across the continent, together with climatic and environmental covariables across 16 elevational gradients across the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. At landscape scales, avian communities at high elevations seemed adapted to naturally patchy Polylepis landscapes. Species richness was greatest within small fragments and areas with reduced forest cover. Polylepis specialists persisted within small patches, as long as landscapes retained more than 10% of forest (> 400 ha) within glacial valleys. At regional scales along the western slope of the Central Andes (Ancash, Peru), avian species richness and endemism peaked at mid-elevations (3,300-4,300 masl) where temperatures and precipitation were comparably moderate (i.e, intermediate levels). At continental scales, the influence of climatic factors on elevational diversity gradients differed between xeric and mesic slopes. Diversity gradients were best explained by the interaction between temperature and precipitation along the xeric slopes of the western central Andes of Peru and Chile, but primarily by temperature along mesic slopes, like the East slope to the Amazon. Based upon four climate scenarios for 2070, changes in temperature and precipitation in the western central Andes will be most severe above 2,000 masl, whereas human activities will intensify and expand below 500 and above 3,000 masl. Collectively, these results provide evidence for three overarching conclusions: 1) even fragmented or heterogeneous Polylepis landscapes have potential to adequately support avian communities in High Andean systems as well as provide habitat for numerous species of conservation concern; 2) elevational gradients in avian diversity across the Andes seem to be shaped more than by climatic than landscape or social factors; and 3) future changes in climate may profoundly alter the current avian communities, and efforts to forecast the consequences of climate change using temperature alone can produce misleading results, especially in xeric regions.

ISBN: 9798641249148Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Andes

Habitat Loss, Fragmentation and Climatic Drivers of Avian Diversity across the Andes and Implications for Climate Change = = Perdida de habitat, fragmentacion y determinantes climaticos de la diversidad de aves a lo largo elos Andes y sus implicaciones para el cambio climatico.
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245 1 0 $a Habitat Loss, Fragmentation and Climatic Drivers of Avian Diversity across the Andes and Implications for Climate Change = $b Perdida de habitat, fragmentacion y determinantes climaticos de la diversidad de aves a lo largo elos Andes y sus implicaciones para el cambio climatico.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2020
300 $a 219 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Rodewald, Amanda.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a The diversity of life on our planet is under siege. Around the world habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation are among the main threats to biodiversity, with negative outcomes exacerbated by climate change. Our poor understanding of the mechanisms governing ecological responses to global change, especially in tropical montane systems, constrains our ability to predict and mitigate these threats to biodiversity. This dissertation addresses the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation and climatic drivers on avian diversity across the Andes, with a special focus on the implications for climate change. Specifically, we examined (1) sensitivity of birds to forest cover and patch size within one of the most threatened ecosystems of the Andes, Polylepis forests, (2) how factors related to climate, landscape configuration and human activities at regional scales shape patterns of avian species richness and endemism along elevational gradients in the western slope of the Andes, (3) the extent to which relationships between elevation and avian diversity at continental scales are influenced by complex interactions between temperature and precipitation, and (4) the degree to which avian communities in the Andes can persist under future climate scenarios. We surveyed 88 bird species across 59 Polylepis patches within five glacier valleys (3,300 to 4,700 m a.s.l.) of Cordillera Blanca (Ancash-Peru). We also compiled elevational ranges of 212 species within the region and 2,384 across the continent, together with climatic and environmental covariables across 16 elevational gradients across the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. At landscape scales, avian communities at high elevations seemed adapted to naturally patchy Polylepis landscapes. Species richness was greatest within small fragments and areas with reduced forest cover. Polylepis specialists persisted within small patches, as long as landscapes retained more than 10% of forest (> 400 ha) within glacial valleys. At regional scales along the western slope of the Central Andes (Ancash, Peru), avian species richness and endemism peaked at mid-elevations (3,300-4,300 masl) where temperatures and precipitation were comparably moderate (i.e, intermediate levels). At continental scales, the influence of climatic factors on elevational diversity gradients differed between xeric and mesic slopes. Diversity gradients were best explained by the interaction between temperature and precipitation along the xeric slopes of the western central Andes of Peru and Chile, but primarily by temperature along mesic slopes, like the East slope to the Amazon. Based upon four climate scenarios for 2070, changes in temperature and precipitation in the western central Andes will be most severe above 2,000 masl, whereas human activities will intensify and expand below 500 and above 3,000 masl. Collectively, these results provide evidence for three overarching conclusions: 1) even fragmented or heterogeneous Polylepis landscapes have potential to adequately support avian communities in High Andean systems as well as provide habitat for numerous species of conservation concern; 2) elevational gradients in avian diversity across the Andes seem to be shaped more than by climatic than landscape or social factors; and 3) future changes in climate may profoundly alter the current avian communities, and efforts to forecast the consequences of climate change using temperature alone can produce misleading results, especially in xeric regions.
520 $a La diversidad de la vida en nuestro planeta esta bajo asedio. En todo el mundo, la perdida, degradacion y la fragmentacion del habitat se encuentran entre las principales amenazas para la biodiversidad, con resultados negativos exacerbados por el cambio climatico. Sin embargo, nuestra escasa comprension de los mecanismos que rigen las respuestas ecologicas al cambio global, especialmente en los sistemas montanos tropicales, limita nuestra capacidad de predecir y mitigar estas amenazas a la biodiversidad. Esta disertacion aborda los efectos de la perdida de habitat, la fragmentacion y los factores climaticos en la diversidad aviar en los Andes, con un enfoque especial en las implicaciones para el cambio climatico. Especificamente, examinamos (1) la sensibilidad de las aves a la cubierta forestal y el tamano del parche dentro de uno de los ecosistemas mas amenazados de los Andes, los bosques de Polylepis, (2) como los factores relacionados con el clima, la configuracion del paisaje y las actividades humanas a escalas regionales, configuran los patrones de la riqueza y el endemismo de las especies de aves a lo largo de los gradientes de elevacion en la vertiente occidental de los Andes, (3) el grado en que las relaciones entre la elevacion y la diversidad de aves a escalas continentales estan influenciadas por interacciones complejas entre temperatura y precipitacion, y (4) el grado en que las comunidades de aves en los Andes pueden persistir en futuros escenarios climaticos. Examinamos 88 especies de aves en 59 parches de Polylepis en cinco valles glaciares (3.300 a 4.700 m.s.n.m.) de la Cordillera Blanca (Ancash-Peru). Tambien compilamos rangos de elevacion de 212 especies dentro de la region y 2,384 en todo el continente, junto con covariables climaticas y ambientales en 16 gradientes de elevacion en los Andes de Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina y Chile. A escalas paisajisticas, las comunidades de aves en elevaciones altas parecian adaptadas a los paisajes de Polylepis en parches naturales. La riqueza de especies fue mayor en pequenos fragmentos y areas con cobertura forestal reducida. Los especialistas de Polylepis persistieron en pequenos parches, siempre que los paisajes retengan mas del 10% de los bosques (> 400 ha) dentro de los valles glaciares. A escalas regionales a lo largo de la vertiente occidental de los Andes centrales (Ancash, Peru), la riqueza y endemismo de las especies de aves alcanzo su punto maximo en elevaciones medias (3,300-4,300 msnm) donde las temperaturas y las precipitaciones fueron comparativamente moderadas (es decir, niveles intermedios). A escalas continentales, la influencia de los factores climaticos en los gradientes de diversidad de elevacion diferia entre las pendientes xerica (aridas) y mesica (humedas). Los gradientes de diversidad se explicaron mejor por la interaccion entre la temperatura y la precipitacion a lo largo de las laderas xericas de los Andes centrales occidentales de Peru y Chile, pero principalmente por la temperatura a lo largo de las laderas mesicas, como la ladera este del Amazonas. Segun cuatro escenarios climaticos para 2070, los cambios de temperatura y precipitacion en los Andes centrales occidentales seran mas severos por encima de los 2.000 msnm, mientras que las actividades humanas se intensificaran y expandiran por debajo de los 500 y mas de 3.000 msnm. En conjunto, estos resultados proporcionan evidencia para tres conclusiones generales: 1) incluso los paisajes de Polylepis fragmentados o heterogeneos tienen el potencial de apoyar adecuadamente a las comunidades de aves en los sistemas altoandinos, asi como proporcionar habitat para numerosas especies de interes para la conservacion; 2) los gradientes de elevacion en la diversidad aviar en los Andes parecen estar conformados mas que por factores climaticos que por paisajes o sociales; y 3) los cambios futuros en el clima pueden alterar profundamente las comunidades aviares actuales, y los esfuerzos para pronosticar las consecuencias del cambio climatico utilizando solo la temperatura pueden producir resultados enganosos, especialmente en las regiones xericas.
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