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The influence of environmental facto...

Lee, Ji-Eun.

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The influence of environmental factors on the developing chicken immune system: Dietary arginine and lead.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The influence of environmental factors on the developing chicken immune system: Dietary arginine and lead./
Author:	Lee, Ji-Eun.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2001,
Description:	183 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 63-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International63-05B.
Subject:	Toxicology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3021313
ISBN:	9780493319582

The influence of environmental factors on the developing chicken immune system: Dietary arginine and lead.
Lee, Ji-Eun.

The influence of environmental factors on the developing chicken immune system: Dietary arginine and lead. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2001 - 183 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 63-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2001.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Environmental factors have been known to induce immune alteration such as immunosuppression, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and immune enhancement. The current study examined the effects of dietary arginine and the heavy metal lead on the developing chicken immune system While dietary arginine has been shown to be beneficial for a variety of immune functions, there is little information on the effect of arginine supplementation on leukocyte population distribution during disease challenge. The effects of dietary arginine on leukocyte population changes in the peripheral blood and the respiratory tract of chickens were examined during respiratory infection with virus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The results show that dietary arginine influences the character of the chicken cellular response to IBV and the distribution of responding leukocyte subpopulations in a target tissue for the infection. The developing immune system of rodents has been shown to exhibit increased sensitivity to lead-induced immunotoxicity compared with that of adults. However, little is known about potential windows of increased vulnerability during discrete periods of embryonic development. Two present studies examined differential embryonic vulnerability to lead-induced immunotoxicity during different in ovo development. The results suggest that lead exposure during different windows of embryonic development is likely to result in different immunotoxic outcomes in the juvenile. The same lead dose given at different stages of embryonic development produced the same blood and bone lead levels and resulted in a different outcome regarding delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) function. Therefore, it appears that timing of exposure is important. This pattern of immune alteration was maintained even under the stress of viral challenge. Furthermore, some of the changes were observed only when chicks were stressed by the viral infection, and these changes were also different depending on the time of exposure. The potential routes leading to lead-induced T-dependent immune function alteration were investigated using both in vivo and in vitro exposure approaches. Additionally, thymic epithelial hormone supplementation was employed with lead exposure to examine the possible role of thymic epithelial function in lead-induced T-dependent immune dysfunction. Evidence from the present study supports the possibility that lead may directly affect thymocyte function. However, thymulin protection against lead-induced changes in T cell function suggests that some indirect effects via endocrine factors are possible.

ISBN: 9780493319582Subjects--Topical Terms:

556884
Toxicology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Arginine

The influence of environmental factors on the developing chicken immune system: Dietary arginine and lead.
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500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Dietert, Rodney R.
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506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a Environmental factors have been known to induce immune alteration such as immunosuppression, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and immune enhancement. The current study examined the effects of dietary arginine and the heavy metal lead on the developing chicken immune system While dietary arginine has been shown to be beneficial for a variety of immune functions, there is little information on the effect of arginine supplementation on leukocyte population distribution during disease challenge. The effects of dietary arginine on leukocyte population changes in the peripheral blood and the respiratory tract of chickens were examined during respiratory infection with virus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The results show that dietary arginine influences the character of the chicken cellular response to IBV and the distribution of responding leukocyte subpopulations in a target tissue for the infection. The developing immune system of rodents has been shown to exhibit increased sensitivity to lead-induced immunotoxicity compared with that of adults. However, little is known about potential windows of increased vulnerability during discrete periods of embryonic development. Two present studies examined differential embryonic vulnerability to lead-induced immunotoxicity during different in ovo development. The results suggest that lead exposure during different windows of embryonic development is likely to result in different immunotoxic outcomes in the juvenile. The same lead dose given at different stages of embryonic development produced the same blood and bone lead levels and resulted in a different outcome regarding delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) function. Therefore, it appears that timing of exposure is important. This pattern of immune alteration was maintained even under the stress of viral challenge. Furthermore, some of the changes were observed only when chicks were stressed by the viral infection, and these changes were also different depending on the time of exposure. The potential routes leading to lead-induced T-dependent immune function alteration were investigated using both in vivo and in vitro exposure approaches. Additionally, thymic epithelial hormone supplementation was employed with lead exposure to examine the possible role of thymic epithelial function in lead-induced T-dependent immune dysfunction. Evidence from the present study supports the possibility that lead may directly affect thymocyte function. However, thymulin protection against lead-induced changes in T cell function suggests that some indirect effects via endocrine factors are possible.
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