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Drought Responses, Nutrient Uptake and Plant Growth of Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in High pH Soils when Grafted onto Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum Marshall).

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Drought Responses, Nutrient Uptake and Plant Growth of Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in High pH Soils when Grafted onto Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum Marshall)./
作者:	Hernandez Perez, Maria Isabel.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:	139 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-04B.
標題:	Plant sciences. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13812382
ISBN:	9781088300510

Drought Responses, Nutrient Uptake and Plant Growth of Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in High pH Soils when Grafted onto Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum Marshall).
Hernandez Perez, Maria Isabel.

Drought Responses, Nutrient Uptake and Plant Growth of Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in High pH Soils when Grafted onto Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum Marshall). - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 139 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Blueberry production has been growing dramatically due to increasing consumption of the fruit around the world. This has led to expansion of blueberry production into unsuitable places such as into areas with high pH soils. Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) requires pH in the range of 4.5 to 5.5 for optimal growth. Thus, in alkaline soils such as the ones in California, it is necessary to acidify soils by sulfuric acid application, which generates extra costs and environmental impacts. Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum), a wild species of the southeastern United States could be utilized as a high pH tolerant rootstock. The present dissertation was focused on evaluating the physiological aspects of the rootstock (sparkleberry) and scion (blueberry) combination, specifically, the drought tolerance, the nutrient dynamics and the mechanisms for nutrient uptake and translocation under high pH conditions. The evaluation was performed with southern highbush blueberry cultivars as they are commercially used for California production.In Chapter 1, it was found that grafting blueberry onto a sparkleberry rootstock altered blueberry water relations and drought responses. However, blueberry and sparkleberry had similarities, and blueberry showed a surprising desiccation tolerance. Blueberry, grafted or ungrafted, was also a conservative user of water which led to major stomatal limitations on photosynthesis. Although there were advantages in water relations when grafting blueberry onto sparkleberry, those advantages were not remarkable. The advantages consisted of higher stomatal conductance under all conditions, even under drought with a 10% advantage, showing that the effects of lack of irrigation are mitigated by the rootstock, presumably by avoiding soil water deficit as sparkleberry can access water deeper in the soil.Nutrient dynamics was investigated in Chapter 2, where it was observed that the leaf nutrient content and plant growth in blueberry were generally not altered by being grafted onto sparkleberry, except for a positive effect this grafting combination on the foliar nutrient concentration of the anions P, B and S and a variable effect for N in the scion. The general effect on anions may be due to differences in root biology, post uptake chemistry or xylem sap pH between rootstock and scion. Side shoots of the sparkleberry rootstock had almost double the leaf concentration of Mn, Zn and Fe compared to blueberry leaves sharing the same root system. The good nutrition in the rootstock shoots contrasted with deficiency in the scion and indicated that the deficiency symptoms of Fe in blueberry growing in high pH soils are not caused by limited nutrient uptake by the rootstock. Instead, a cultivar, a grafting or a scion characteristic must be ineffective; possible candidates for future research would be a high xylem sap pH or lack of biosynthesis of chelators which could impede the translocation of these elements once in the xylem. Shoot nutrient translocation characteristics were looked at in more detail in Chapter 3.In Chapter 3, it was demonstrated that blueberry decreased the pH of a high pH solution by pumping protons to the rhizosphere and had a similar activity of ferric chelate reductase as sparkleberry. Thus, sparkleberry did not show clear advantages in iron uptake in high pH conditions when compared to blueberry. Moreover, the high incompatibility of sparkleberry with southern highbush blueberry c.v. 'Jewel' makes the practice of grafting not very efficient for blueberry production in California. The ability of sparkleberry to concentrate metals in the leaves of side shoots, were not reflected in blueberry when grafted to sparkleberry.Finally, the use of sparkleberry as a rootstock for blueberry production did not have any relevant advantages, but the effect was not negative. Therefore, grafting might be a promising practice for blueberry production for other objectives such as mechanical harvesting.

ISBN: 9781088300510Subjects--Topical Terms:

3173832
Plant sciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Blueberry

Drought Responses, Nutrient Uptake and Plant Growth of Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in High pH Soils when Grafted onto Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum Marshall).
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245 1 0 $a Drought Responses, Nutrient Uptake and Plant Growth of Southern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in High pH Soils when Grafted onto Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum Marshall).
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500 $a Advisor: Gilbert, Matthew E.
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520 $a Blueberry production has been growing dramatically due to increasing consumption of the fruit around the world. This has led to expansion of blueberry production into unsuitable places such as into areas with high pH soils. Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) requires pH in the range of 4.5 to 5.5 for optimal growth. Thus, in alkaline soils such as the ones in California, it is necessary to acidify soils by sulfuric acid application, which generates extra costs and environmental impacts. Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum), a wild species of the southeastern United States could be utilized as a high pH tolerant rootstock. The present dissertation was focused on evaluating the physiological aspects of the rootstock (sparkleberry) and scion (blueberry) combination, specifically, the drought tolerance, the nutrient dynamics and the mechanisms for nutrient uptake and translocation under high pH conditions. The evaluation was performed with southern highbush blueberry cultivars as they are commercially used for California production.In Chapter 1, it was found that grafting blueberry onto a sparkleberry rootstock altered blueberry water relations and drought responses. However, blueberry and sparkleberry had similarities, and blueberry showed a surprising desiccation tolerance. Blueberry, grafted or ungrafted, was also a conservative user of water which led to major stomatal limitations on photosynthesis. Although there were advantages in water relations when grafting blueberry onto sparkleberry, those advantages were not remarkable. The advantages consisted of higher stomatal conductance under all conditions, even under drought with a 10% advantage, showing that the effects of lack of irrigation are mitigated by the rootstock, presumably by avoiding soil water deficit as sparkleberry can access water deeper in the soil.Nutrient dynamics was investigated in Chapter 2, where it was observed that the leaf nutrient content and plant growth in blueberry were generally not altered by being grafted onto sparkleberry, except for a positive effect this grafting combination on the foliar nutrient concentration of the anions P, B and S and a variable effect for N in the scion. The general effect on anions may be due to differences in root biology, post uptake chemistry or xylem sap pH between rootstock and scion. Side shoots of the sparkleberry rootstock had almost double the leaf concentration of Mn, Zn and Fe compared to blueberry leaves sharing the same root system. The good nutrition in the rootstock shoots contrasted with deficiency in the scion and indicated that the deficiency symptoms of Fe in blueberry growing in high pH soils are not caused by limited nutrient uptake by the rootstock. Instead, a cultivar, a grafting or a scion characteristic must be ineffective; possible candidates for future research would be a high xylem sap pH or lack of biosynthesis of chelators which could impede the translocation of these elements once in the xylem. Shoot nutrient translocation characteristics were looked at in more detail in Chapter 3.In Chapter 3, it was demonstrated that blueberry decreased the pH of a high pH solution by pumping protons to the rhizosphere and had a similar activity of ferric chelate reductase as sparkleberry. Thus, sparkleberry did not show clear advantages in iron uptake in high pH conditions when compared to blueberry. Moreover, the high incompatibility of sparkleberry with southern highbush blueberry c.v. 'Jewel' makes the practice of grafting not very efficient for blueberry production in California. The ability of sparkleberry to concentrate metals in the leaves of side shoots, were not reflected in blueberry when grafted to sparkleberry.Finally, the use of sparkleberry as a rootstock for blueberry production did not have any relevant advantages, but the effect was not negative. Therefore, grafting might be a promising practice for blueberry production for other objectives such as mechanical harvesting.
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653 $a Nutrients
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