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Evolution of Genes, Genomes, and Dev...

Luecke, David.

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Evolution of Genes, Genomes, and Development During the Emergence of Extreme Sexual Dimorphism in Drosophila prolongata Forelegs.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Evolution of Genes, Genomes, and Development During the Emergence of Extreme Sexual Dimorphism in Drosophila prolongata Forelegs./
作者:	Luecke, David.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	103 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-09B.
標題:	Genetics. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10973762
ISBN:	9780438930179

Evolution of Genes, Genomes, and Development During the Emergence of Extreme Sexual Dimorphism in Drosophila prolongata Forelegs.
Luecke, David.

Evolution of Genes, Genomes, and Development During the Emergence of Extreme Sexual Dimorphism in Drosophila prolongata Forelegs. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 103 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Determining the molecular mechanisms that create life's explosion of diversity is a primary motivation for evolutionary biology. There is an increasing focus on how the developmental processes that translate genetic information into living form and function are manipulated by natural selection to produce phenotypic divergence. Drosophila prolongata is a species of fruit fly that exemplifies the amazing changes in form and function produced by the evolutionary process. The male front legs have become massive relative to body size, are colored by stark contrasting bands, and are covered in chemosensory organs. I used comparative developmental biology, functional genetics, and genomic sequencing to investigate the cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying this radical evolution of forelegs in male Drosophila prolongata . To investigate the increase in size I took a developmental time series, tracking the total size, number of cells, amount of cell division, and amount of cell death in first and second leg precursors of males and females of both D. prolongata and it's close relative D. carrolli. I show the increased leg size is caused by more cell proliferation in the developing first leg, and that the developmental controls that compensate for mis-sized organs are maintained, but are tuned in a manner that produces the increased first leg size. To investigate the expansion of chemosensory organs over these legs I showed that the genes Pox neuro, which controls chemosensory organ development, and doublesex, which produces sexual differentiation, have increased their expression into a much broader portion of the leg. I cloned the regulatory regions from these genes out of D. prolongata , it's close relative D. rhopaloa, and more distant relative D. melanogaster, and used transgenic reporter techniques to compare the expression produced by these sequences. I found there is a large increase in the expression activity of the D. prolongata doublesex regulatory sequence, and a smaller increase in the activity of the Pox neuro regulatory sequence. I show a positive regulatory interaction of doublesex on Pox neuro is sufficient to replicate the evolutionary transformation, but that this interaction likely requires evolution at additional locations in the genome. To better understand the function of the new chemosensory organs I helped to sequence the genomes D. prolongata and D. carrolli and annotated chemosensory gene families. I also sequenced the mRNA from adult legs of male and female D. prolongata along with three other species to see which genes are actively expressed in the legs of male D. prolongata, and if these expression patterns are unique. I have found large families of chemosensory genes in these genomes, many of which are differentially expressed in males and females. I am continuing work on this project after graduation to better track the relationships of individual genes in the history of the chemosensory organ expansion.

ISBN: 9780438930179Subjects--Topical Terms:

530508
Genetics.

Evolution of Genes, Genomes, and Development During the Emergence of Extreme Sexual Dimorphism in Drosophila prolongata Forelegs.
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