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Trophic Consequences of Ocean Acidification: The Influence of Seawater Chemistry on Predator-Prey Interactions in Tidepools.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Trophic Consequences of Ocean Acidification: The Influence of Seawater Chemistry on Predator-Prey Interactions in Tidepools./
作者:	Jellison, Brittany Mary.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	114 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-02B.
標題:	Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10826685
ISBN:	9780438291492

Trophic Consequences of Ocean Acidification: The Influence of Seawater Chemistry on Predator-Prey Interactions in Tidepools.
Jellison, Brittany Mary.

Trophic Consequences of Ocean Acidification: The Influence of Seawater Chemistry on Predator-Prey Interactions in Tidepools. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 114 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2018.

This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.

Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to detrimentally impact marine organisms by impairing their growth, calcification, and acid-base regulation. Less is known about the capacity of OA to shift ecological interactions. In this dissertation, I examine how changes in carbonate chemistry within tidepools influence constituent members of food webs, with significance for the trophic cascades in which they are embedded. In particular, I focus on a model community within the rocky intertidal zone of the eastern Pacific Ocean that includes sea star predators, a grazing snail prey, and macroalgal basal resources. Together the findings of this dissertation suggest a potential for ocean acidification to attenuate the anti-predator behavior of intermediate consumers within food webs and influence the cascading effects imposed by predators on lower trophic levels within marine communities. Chapter one assesses the anti-predator response of a grazing snail, Tegula funebralis, to the scent of the keystone sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, at 16 levels of pH. In this work, I conducted laboratory experiments to quantify the full-functional flight response of Tegula under present and future tidepool conditions, assessing the propensity of this snail to enter into refuge out of the water where sea star predators tend not to follow. I found that low-pH seawater impairs the anti-predator behavior of black turban snails. I also determined that fluctuations in pH that allow snails to experience benign-pH conditions daily, typical of tidepool conditions, do not restore functional behavioral responses. The results from this chapter suggest a strong potential for low-pH seawater to alter essential behaviors that have bearing on direct and indirect components of trophic interactions. In the second chapter, I investigate how the deleterious effects of low-pH exposure on the anti-predator behavior of black turban snails, as quantified in Chapter 1, might scale up to alter ecological interactions and disrupt indirect trophic pathways. For this chapter, I conducted a mesocosm experiment using a three-level food web. By means of this model system I assessed the influence of pH on a) the foraging efficiency of a sea star predator, Leptasterias hexactis, b) the avoidance behavior of Tegula snails, and c) the accompanying consequences for the outcome of their predator-prey interaction. In addition, I determined the capacity for low pH to alter the top-down influence of predators on a lower trophic level, the macroalga, Mazzaella flaccida. Results indicate that the impaired behavior of black turban snails under low-pH conditions elevates their risk of being consumed by sea stars, and alters their foraging behavior, ultimately weakens the cascading benefits of predators on algae. In particular, while snails in ambient conditions flee predators and so spend less time grazing algae, low pH degrades the anti-predator behavior of the snails, leading them to forage on algae regardless of the presence of a sea star or not. These findings suggest that ocean acidification could weaken indirect trophic pathways and induce unexpected community-level consequences in coastal ecosystems. In the third chapter, I examine the capacity for OA to perturb relationships among species in a natural setting. I conducted a manipulative field experiment using replicate tidepools to determine how low-pH seawater modifies the direct and indirect interactions within a three-level food web that includes the keystone sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, the grazing snail, Tegula funebralis, and a macroalgal basal resource, Macrocystis pyrifera. I found that even under field settings, nighttime declines in tidepool pH diminished the anti-predator behavior of snails, engendering reductions in the top-down influence of predators on lower trophic levels. Snails in pools where pH was manipulated to remain at a higher level responded to predators by exiting tidepool waters and decreasing their foraging on algae. In contrast, in natural and low-pH manipulated pools, snails behaved as if sea stars were not present when they were, and consumed an equal amount of algae as in pools without a predator. These results suggest that tidepool- inhabiting snails might currently be living near their behavioral-pH thresholds and that ecological consequences of exposure to natural low-pH conditions could be exacerbated in a future ocean.

ISBN: 9780438291492Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.

Trophic Consequences of Ocean Acidification: The Influence of Seawater Chemistry on Predator-Prey Interactions in Tidepools.
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506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to detrimentally impact marine organisms by impairing their growth, calcification, and acid-base regulation. Less is known about the capacity of OA to shift ecological interactions. In this dissertation, I examine how changes in carbonate chemistry within tidepools influence constituent members of food webs, with significance for the trophic cascades in which they are embedded. In particular, I focus on a model community within the rocky intertidal zone of the eastern Pacific Ocean that includes sea star predators, a grazing snail prey, and macroalgal basal resources. Together the findings of this dissertation suggest a potential for ocean acidification to attenuate the anti-predator behavior of intermediate consumers within food webs and influence the cascading effects imposed by predators on lower trophic levels within marine communities. Chapter one assesses the anti-predator response of a grazing snail, Tegula funebralis, to the scent of the keystone sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, at 16 levels of pH. In this work, I conducted laboratory experiments to quantify the full-functional flight response of Tegula under present and future tidepool conditions, assessing the propensity of this snail to enter into refuge out of the water where sea star predators tend not to follow. I found that low-pH seawater impairs the anti-predator behavior of black turban snails. I also determined that fluctuations in pH that allow snails to experience benign-pH conditions daily, typical of tidepool conditions, do not restore functional behavioral responses. The results from this chapter suggest a strong potential for low-pH seawater to alter essential behaviors that have bearing on direct and indirect components of trophic interactions. In the second chapter, I investigate how the deleterious effects of low-pH exposure on the anti-predator behavior of black turban snails, as quantified in Chapter 1, might scale up to alter ecological interactions and disrupt indirect trophic pathways. For this chapter, I conducted a mesocosm experiment using a three-level food web. By means of this model system I assessed the influence of pH on a) the foraging efficiency of a sea star predator, Leptasterias hexactis, b) the avoidance behavior of Tegula snails, and c) the accompanying consequences for the outcome of their predator-prey interaction. In addition, I determined the capacity for low pH to alter the top-down influence of predators on a lower trophic level, the macroalga, Mazzaella flaccida. Results indicate that the impaired behavior of black turban snails under low-pH conditions elevates their risk of being consumed by sea stars, and alters their foraging behavior, ultimately weakens the cascading benefits of predators on algae. In particular, while snails in ambient conditions flee predators and so spend less time grazing algae, low pH degrades the anti-predator behavior of the snails, leading them to forage on algae regardless of the presence of a sea star or not. These findings suggest that ocean acidification could weaken indirect trophic pathways and induce unexpected community-level consequences in coastal ecosystems. In the third chapter, I examine the capacity for OA to perturb relationships among species in a natural setting. I conducted a manipulative field experiment using replicate tidepools to determine how low-pH seawater modifies the direct and indirect interactions within a three-level food web that includes the keystone sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, the grazing snail, Tegula funebralis, and a macroalgal basal resource, Macrocystis pyrifera. I found that even under field settings, nighttime declines in tidepool pH diminished the anti-predator behavior of snails, engendering reductions in the top-down influence of predators on lower trophic levels. Snails in pools where pH was manipulated to remain at a higher level responded to predators by exiting tidepool waters and decreasing their foraging on algae. In contrast, in natural and low-pH manipulated pools, snails behaved as if sea stars were not present when they were, and consumed an equal amount of algae as in pools without a predator. These results suggest that tidepool- inhabiting snails might currently be living near their behavioral-pH thresholds and that ecological consequences of exposure to natural low-pH conditions could be exacerbated in a future ocean.
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