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Essays on Liquidity Risk and Modern ...

Yuan, Kai.

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Essays on Liquidity Risk and Modern Market Microstructure.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Essays on Liquidity Risk and Modern Market Microstructure./
Author:	Yuan, Kai.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
Description:	172 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-09(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-09A(E).
Subject:	Business administration. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10274241
ISBN:	9781369734362

Essays on Liquidity Risk and Modern Market Microstructure.
Yuan, Kai.

Essays on Liquidity Risk and Modern Market Microstructure. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 172 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-09(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2017.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Liquidity, often defined as the ability of markets to absorb large transactions without much effect on prices, plays a central role in the functioning of financial markets. This dissertation aims to investigate the implications of liquidity from several different perspectives, and can help to close the gap between theoretical modeling and practice.

ISBN: 9781369734362Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168311
Business administration.

Essays on Liquidity Risk and Modern Market Microstructure.
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100 1 $a Yuan, Kai. $3 3169384
245 1 0 $a Essays on Liquidity Risk and Modern Market Microstructure.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2017
300 $a 172 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-09(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Ciamac C. Moallemi.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2017.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a Liquidity, often defined as the ability of markets to absorb large transactions without much effect on prices, plays a central role in the functioning of financial markets. This dissertation aims to investigate the implications of liquidity from several different perspectives, and can help to close the gap between theoretical modeling and practice.
520 $a In the first part of the thesis, we study the implication of liquidity costs for systemic risks in markets cleared by multiple central counterparties (CCPs). Recent regulatory changes are transforming the multi-trillion dollar swaps market from a network of bilateral contracts to one in which swaps are cleared through central counterparties (CCPs). The stability of the new framework depends on the resilience of CCPs. Margin requirements are a CCP's first line of defense against the default of a counterparty. To capture liquidity costs at default, margin requirements need to increase superlinearly in position size. However, convex margin requirements create an incentive for a swaps dealer to split its positions across multiple CCPs, effectively "hiding" potential liquidation costs from each CCP. To compensate, each CCP needs to set higher margin requirements than it would in isolation. In a model with two CCPs, we define an equilibrium as a pair of margin schedules through which both CCPs collect sufficient margin under a dealer's optimal allocation of trades. In the case of linear price impact, we show that a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an equilibrium is that the two CCPs agree on liquidity costs, and we characterize all equilibria when this holds. A difference in views can lead to a race to the bottom. We provide extensions of this result and discuss its implications for CCP oversight and risk management.
520 $a In the second part of the thesis, we provide a framework to estimate liquidity costs at a portfolio level. Traditionally, liquidity costs are estimated by means of single-asset models. Yet such an approach ignores the fact that, fundamentally, liquidity is a portfolio problem: asset prices are correlated. We develop a model to estimate portfolio liquidity costs through a multi-dimensional generalization of the optimal execution model of Almgren and Chriss (1999). Our model allows for the trading of standardized liquid bundles of assets (e.g., ETFs or indices). We show that the benefits of hedging when trading with many assets significantly reduce cost when liquidating a large position. In a "large-universe" asymptotic limit, where the correlations across a large number of assets arise from a relatively few underlying common factors, the liquidity cost of a portfolio is essentially driven by its idiosyncratic risk. Moreover, the additional benefit from trading standardized bundles is roughly equivalent to increasing the liquidity of individual assets. Our method is tractable and can be easily calibrated from market data.
520 $a In the third part of the thesis, we look at liquidity from the perspective of market microstructure, we analyze the value of limit orders at different queue positions of the limit order book. Many modern financial markets are organized as electronic limit order books operating under a price-time priority rule. In such a setup, among all resting orders awaiting trade at a given price, earlier orders are prioritized for matching with contra-side liquidity takers. In practice, this creates a technological arms race among high-frequency traders and other automated market participants to establish early (and hence advantageous) positions in the resulting first-in-first-out (FIFO) queue. We develop a model for valuing orders based on their relative queue position. Our model identifies two important components of positional value. First, there is a static component that relates to the trade-off at an instant of trade execution between earning a spread and incurring adverse selection costs, and incorporates the fact that adverse selection costs are increasing with queue position. Second, there is also a dynamic component, that captures the optionality associated with the future value that accrues by locking in a given queue position. Our model offers predictions of order value at different positions in the queue as a function of market primitives, and can be empirically calibrated. We validate our model by comparing it with estimates of queue value realized in backtesting simulations using marker-by-order data, and find the predictions to be accurate. Moreover, for some large tick-size stocks, we find that queue value can be of the same order of magnitude as the bid-ask spread. This suggests that accurate valuation of queue position is a necessary and important ingredient in considering optimal execution or market-making strategies for such assets.
590 $a School code: 0054.
650 4 $a Business administration. $3 3168311
650 4 $a Finance. $3 542899
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710 2 $a Columbia University. $b Business. $3 1681698
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 78-09A(E).
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2017
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10274241