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Resilience Strategies for Climate, H...

Albright, Cara Melissa.

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Resilience Strategies for Climate, Hydrology, and Urban Green Infrastructure.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Resilience Strategies for Climate, Hydrology, and Urban Green Infrastructure./
作者:	Albright, Cara Melissa.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	175 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-05(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International80-05B(E).
標題:	Civil engineering. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10978155
ISBN:	9780438754966

Resilience Strategies for Climate, Hydrology, and Urban Green Infrastructure.
Albright, Cara Melissa.

Resilience Strategies for Climate, Hydrology, and Urban Green Infrastructure. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 175 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-05(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Villanova University, 2018.

Green infrastructure (GI) practices are increasingly being adopted for use in city-wide programs, like Philadelphia's 'Green City, Clean Waters' initiative, which are necessary for urban communities to effectively meet Clean Water Act obligations. With benefits linked to hydrologic processes, these practices manage stormwater at the source, increase urban greening, reduce combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and may provide long-term solutions to a myriad of urban challenges. GI systems are designed to restore the balance of the urban hydrologic cycle by increasing infiltration and evapotranspiration (ET) in areas with high impervious cover and prevent runoff from entering the sewer system. Initially, GI systems were thought to be most applicable for managing small and mid-size, frequent storm events. However, the goal of resilience dictates that questions be introduced regarding the applicability of GI systems to large, infrequent events; emerging research shows the potential for GI systems to effectively manage both small and large storm events (Lewellyn et al. 2015; Mannarino et al., 2015; PWD, 2016c; Wadzuk et al., 2017). Many studies are now revealing the dynamic nature of GI systems and the need for more appropriate metrics than a stand-alone design storm. The method by which GI is currently implemented leads to understated performance goals in the volume of runoff managed at both the site and city scales (accidental resilience). Strategic resilience, from a stormwater perspective, connects the dots between climate and green infrastructure by injecting consideration of environmental and technological changes into tradition theory and practices.

ISBN: 9780438754966Subjects--Topical Terms:

860360
Civil engineering.

Resilience Strategies for Climate, Hydrology, and Urban Green Infrastructure.
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100 1 $a Albright, Cara Melissa. $3 3429872
245 1 0 $a Resilience Strategies for Climate, Hydrology, and Urban Green Infrastructure.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-05(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Robert G. Traver.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Villanova University, 2018.
520 $a Green infrastructure (GI) practices are increasingly being adopted for use in city-wide programs, like Philadelphia's 'Green City, Clean Waters' initiative, which are necessary for urban communities to effectively meet Clean Water Act obligations. With benefits linked to hydrologic processes, these practices manage stormwater at the source, increase urban greening, reduce combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and may provide long-term solutions to a myriad of urban challenges. GI systems are designed to restore the balance of the urban hydrologic cycle by increasing infiltration and evapotranspiration (ET) in areas with high impervious cover and prevent runoff from entering the sewer system. Initially, GI systems were thought to be most applicable for managing small and mid-size, frequent storm events. However, the goal of resilience dictates that questions be introduced regarding the applicability of GI systems to large, infrequent events; emerging research shows the potential for GI systems to effectively manage both small and large storm events (Lewellyn et al. 2015; Mannarino et al., 2015; PWD, 2016c; Wadzuk et al., 2017). Many studies are now revealing the dynamic nature of GI systems and the need for more appropriate metrics than a stand-alone design storm. The method by which GI is currently implemented leads to understated performance goals in the volume of runoff managed at both the site and city scales (accidental resilience). Strategic resilience, from a stormwater perspective, connects the dots between climate and green infrastructure by injecting consideration of environmental and technological changes into tradition theory and practices.
520 $a The objective of this research was to use historic precipitation patterns and current continuous monitoring data to establish the dynamic, adaptive nature of GI systems, and to create a framework for establishing a city's stormwater resilience in the face of climate change and other urban stressors. Analysis of regional climate patterns shows that removal mechanisms inherent in GI practices (infiltration and ET) are most efficient during seasons when the majority of the annual rainfall typically occurs. Variation in patterns of rainfall volume and intensity throughout the year and among different years shows that important distinctions are missing when average conditions and summary statistics are the sole basis of analytic representation. A distance metric was developed to determine typical and extreme (reference) rainfall years for Philadelphia. The distance metric is particularly suited to GI design and analysis because it naturally creates typical years and extreme years, whereas other representative rainfall methods only consider the most average years. Both the typical and extreme years can be used alone or in combination to represent multi-year or decadal periods to evaluate GI performance. These multi-year sequences can include droughts and floods, wet years and dry years, average years and active hurricane years, and thus will be far more robust in showing the adaptive nature of GI systems than using average conditions alone. Reference rainfall years were then modeled annually using a simple storage approach to the water balance. Converting this model to a hypothetical GI system, results showed that the system is able to handle most of the rainfall that would occur in a given year, highlighting spring and fall transition times as potential for overflow or significant storage of runoff. Hurricane season precipitation is not only a predictor of typical and extreme years, but also of potential annual overflow volumes. These results demonstrate that seasonal and annual patterns affect trends in GI performance, and that a broader spectrum of events and timing must be considered in design. They also demonstrate widespread utility of the model itself, which could be used for generalizing/characterization, sizing, or setting targets -- depending on the application, arena and focus.
520 $a Analysis of two Philadelphia rain gardens, continuously monitored and evaluated since 2015, fits well with these concepts. Performance patterns show that rain gardens and other infiltration-based GI systems in Philadelphia are flexible and can function as a portion of resilient flood management. Small rainfall events result in ponding and seepage storage; large events generate transfer to storage elements but not system overflow. Surface and subsurface recession rates are far higher than the systems are credited for, demonstrating the renewal capacity of the system when exfiltration rates exceed inflows. The rain gardens managed runoff on-site during observed and simulated extreme events, including back-to-back storms and periods of prolonged rainfall during adverse performance conditions (e.g., low temperatures). Findings related to performance in response to the spectrum of precipitation volume and intensity, seasonally and annually, tie GI to climate adaptation and urban resilience.
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650 4 $a Urban planning. $3 2122922
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