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Physical Activity and Sarcopenia in ...

Meier, Nathan Frederick.

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Physical Activity and Sarcopenia in Older Adults.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Physical Activity and Sarcopenia in Older Adults./
作者:	Meier, Nathan Frederick.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	140 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-02(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International80-02B(E).
標題:	Kinesiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10838520
ISBN:	9780438417755

Physical Activity and Sarcopenia in Older Adults.
Meier, Nathan Frederick.

Physical Activity and Sarcopenia in Older Adults. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 140 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-02(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Iowa State University, 2018.

The aging process is typically associated with loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. At a certain threshold, low levels of muscle mass, strength, and function are considered a disease called sarcopenia, which is associated with increased risk of falls, loss of independence, mobility issues, and mortality. Evidence suggests some of the risk factors for sarcopenia, such as sedentary lifestyle, low physical activity, bedrest, chronic disease, certain drug treatments, malnutrition, anabolic resistance, intermuscular adipose tissue infiltration, and decreased neuromuscular activation, are modifiable. Also, both the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia call for prescription of physical activity. Therefore, the overall interest of this dissertation was to investigate several of these modifiable risk factors in a group of older adults. Our purposes were to explore the cross-sectional (study 1) and longitudinal relationship (study 3) of physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults and to develop a functional Get-Up test for older adults that may be used as a screening tool (study 2) to identify individuals at higher risk of developing sarcopenia.

ISBN: 9780438417755Subjects--Topical Terms:

517627
Kinesiology.

Physical Activity and Sarcopenia in Older Adults.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-02(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Duck-chul Lee.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Iowa State University, 2018.
520 $a The aging process is typically associated with loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. At a certain threshold, low levels of muscle mass, strength, and function are considered a disease called sarcopenia, which is associated with increased risk of falls, loss of independence, mobility issues, and mortality. Evidence suggests some of the risk factors for sarcopenia, such as sedentary lifestyle, low physical activity, bedrest, chronic disease, certain drug treatments, malnutrition, anabolic resistance, intermuscular adipose tissue infiltration, and decreased neuromuscular activation, are modifiable. Also, both the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia call for prescription of physical activity. Therefore, the overall interest of this dissertation was to investigate several of these modifiable risk factors in a group of older adults. Our purposes were to explore the cross-sectional (study 1) and longitudinal relationship (study 3) of physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults and to develop a functional Get-Up test for older adults that may be used as a screening tool (study 2) to identify individuals at higher risk of developing sarcopenia.
520 $a The goal of the first study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between physical activity, sedentary time, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength and sarcopenia in older adults. A large sample of 304 adults aged 65 years or older completed surveys and physical measurements of a wide range of health-related variables. We found that about 10% of the individuals had sarcopenia and that physical activity, sedentary time, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength were associated with sarcopenia, even when controlling for additional factors relating to the disease.
520 $a The second study established the reliability and validity of a new Get-Up test of whole-body fitness, function, and strength. We found that the test had adequate reliability across trials and over time. The validity of the test was established in a variety of ways. It was moderately to strongly correlated with existing methods for measurement of fitness, function, and strength for older adults. In a linear regression model, a combination of grip strength (strength), short physical performance battery (function), and a 400-meter walk (fitness) predicted a significant amount of the variance in the Get-up Test. Slow completion of our new Get-Up test was associated with higher prevalence of sarcopenia compared to those who completed test more quickly.
520 $a The third study explored the changes in physical activity, sedentary time, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength with changes in sarcopenia components, as well as with the hazard of developing sarcopenia over the follow-up period. Two-hundred and forty-six participants completed the follow-up measurements and did not have sarcopenia at baseline. Incidence of sarcopenia was found to be 9% over an average of 0.9 years of follow-up. The strongest predictor of developing sarcopenia was slower completion time on a fitness test compared with their baseline performance. Due to a small number of cases of sarcopenia observed at follow-up, further research is needed to explore the relationship between physical activity, sedentary time, and strength with incident sarcopenia.
520 $a This dissertation advances our understanding about the relationship between key modifiable variables and sarcopenia in older adults. Most physical activity and sarcopenia studies have not explored the impact of sedentary time, cardiorespiratory fitness, or strength and have used self-reported physical activity, which causes measurement errors, and underestimates the true benefits of physical activity by over-reporting. Often these studies failed to follow an established definition of sarcopenia or use an accurate measurement device for establishing low muscle mass. We believe these studies fill an important gap in our knowledge of the effects of physical activity on sarcopenia by adding more reliable data from stronger assessments of physical activity, sedentary time, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and sarcopenia, as well as offering a valid and reliable potential screening tool, Get-Up test, that is appropriate for an older adult population.
590 $a School code: 0097.
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650 4 $a Epidemiology. $3 568544
650 4 $a Gerontology. $3 533633
650 4 $a Aging. $3 543123
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