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Under the Gun: Political Parties and...

Siddiqui, Niloufer Aamina.

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Under the Gun: Political Parties and Violence in Pakistan.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Under the Gun: Political Parties and Violence in Pakistan./
Author:	Siddiqui, Niloufer Aamina.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
Description:	302 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-11A(E).
Subject:	Political science. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10632567
ISBN:	9780355028164

Under the Gun: Political Parties and Violence in Pakistan.
Siddiqui, Niloufer Aamina.

Under the Gun: Political Parties and Violence in Pakistan. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 302 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2017.

Political parties are an integral component of democratic systems. Yet, parties frequently engage in violent behavior. They employ violence directly, when their activists and cadres seek out political opponents and target the supporters of rival parties. They outsource violent tasks to urban gangs and ethnic militias who do their violent bidding in exchange for access to state resources and protection from state punishment. And they form alliances with local patrons, who maintain local vote banks through the control of micro-level clientelistic structures and often, through coercion and intimidation. Why would political parties ever employ violence? What explains variation in the strategies of violence employed by political parties? My dissertation explores these questions in the context of Pakistan, where assassinations, suicide attacks, and violent riots are endemic to political life. Its central claim is that the internal organization of a party determines its capacity for violence while the nature of its linkage with voters determines its incentives for violence. The particular combination of these attributes, in turn, regulates the type of violence which political parties are most likely to employ. Specifically, I explain variation in violence by examining: 1) the presence of the party at the local level; and 2) the party's linkages with voters (and whether these are primarily clientelistic in nature, or formed on the basis of an ideological or ascriptive factor such as ethnicity).

ISBN: 9780355028164Subjects--Topical Terms:

528916
Political science.

Under the Gun: Political Parties and Violence in Pakistan.
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245 1 0 $a Under the Gun: Political Parties and Violence in Pakistan.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2017
300 $a 302 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-11(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Steven I. Wilkinson.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2017.
520 $a Political parties are an integral component of democratic systems. Yet, parties frequently engage in violent behavior. They employ violence directly, when their activists and cadres seek out political opponents and target the supporters of rival parties. They outsource violent tasks to urban gangs and ethnic militias who do their violent bidding in exchange for access to state resources and protection from state punishment. And they form alliances with local patrons, who maintain local vote banks through the control of micro-level clientelistic structures and often, through coercion and intimidation. Why would political parties ever employ violence? What explains variation in the strategies of violence employed by political parties? My dissertation explores these questions in the context of Pakistan, where assassinations, suicide attacks, and violent riots are endemic to political life. Its central claim is that the internal organization of a party determines its capacity for violence while the nature of its linkage with voters determines its incentives for violence. The particular combination of these attributes, in turn, regulates the type of violence which political parties are most likely to employ. Specifically, I explain variation in violence by examining: 1) the presence of the party at the local level; and 2) the party's linkages with voters (and whether these are primarily clientelistic in nature, or formed on the basis of an ideological or ascriptive factor such as ethnicity).
520 $a I test my theory employing a multi-method approach, including detailed case studies of the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz, Pakistan People's Party, Muttahida Qaumi Movement, and Awami National Party. My dissertation draws upon in-depth interviews of over 100 Pakistani politicians, party workers, journalists, and law enforcement officials in 16 months of fieldwork; a survey, with embedded conjoint experiment, of 1,990 potential voters in Pakistan; and quantitative analysis of historical election and violence data. In so doing, it provides one of the first theoretical and empirical examinations of the relationship between political parties and violence.
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