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Essays on Competition and Innovation.

Zhang, Linyi.

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Essays on Competition and Innovation.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Essays on Competition and Innovation./
作者:	Zhang, Linyi.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	144 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-11A(E).
標題:	Economics. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10821608
ISBN:	9780438117075

Essays on Competition and Innovation.
Zhang, Linyi.

Essays on Competition and Innovation. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 144 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2018.

This dissertation contains three chapters that all exploit macroeconomic shocks to study how firms and individuals strategically respond to increased market competition, particularly how their innovation incentives are affected. In Chapter 1, I examine the impact of competition from Chinese imports on innovation by U.S. public manufacturing firms. Exploiting cross-industry and over-time trade variations from 1991 to 2004, I find that when the influx of Chinese imports began, firms of different sizes responded differently. Large firms tended to increase their innovation, and shift into new technical fields and market segments where they faced less competition. This increase in innovation reflected, in part, a labor market adjustment: inventors moved from small firms to large firms. In contrast, small firms tended to reduce their R&D expenditures and suffered from a higher probability of exit.

ISBN: 9780438117075Subjects--Topical Terms:

517137
Economics.

Essays on Competition and Innovation.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-11(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Benjamin F. Jones.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2018.
520 $a This dissertation contains three chapters that all exploit macroeconomic shocks to study how firms and individuals strategically respond to increased market competition, particularly how their innovation incentives are affected. In Chapter 1, I examine the impact of competition from Chinese imports on innovation by U.S. public manufacturing firms. Exploiting cross-industry and over-time trade variations from 1991 to 2004, I find that when the influx of Chinese imports began, firms of different sizes responded differently. Large firms tended to increase their innovation, and shift into new technical fields and market segments where they faced less competition. This increase in innovation reflected, in part, a labor market adjustment: inventors moved from small firms to large firms. In contrast, small firms tended to reduce their R&D expenditures and suffered from a higher probability of exit.
520 $a In Chapter 2, I further analyze the labor market adjustment among inventors (across firms and geographic regions). I find that surging Chinese import penetration in a commuting zone spurred higher inventor mobility among the less productive, the more specialized, and the old. They were also more likely to patent in new technology classes when their field of specialization was exposed to higher Chinese import penetration. Such results are consistent with a story where these inventors were forced out of jobs either because their employers exited the market, or because their technical know-how didn't fit employers' strategic re-pivoting of their businesses. After moving to new workplaces, they adjusted their technical fields to meet firms' changing demand for high skilled labor. Such reallocation of inventors seem to be efficient because commuting zones increased their overall number of patents in response to higher Chinese import penetration.
520 $a In Chapter 3, I look at the flip of the coin and examine Chinese exporters' innovation response to China's exchange rate reform in 2005. The reform ended a decade-long peg of RMB to the U.S. dollar, appreciated RMB by 2.1% instantaneously, and started a managed floating exchange rate regime that set RMB on a long-term appreciation trajectory. This put Chinese exporters' under competitive pressure, and they may respond through innovation to survive. Based on a difference-in-difference approach, I find that Chinese exporters more exposed to the reform increased their number of patents relative to pre-reform level. Moreover, such an increase mainly occurred for utility patents and design patents while no change was found for invention patents. This seems to suggest that instead of producing highly innovative inventions, Chinese exporters mainly responded by improving their existing product lines with new features and design.
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