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Impacts of Trail Building on Wildlif...

Miller, Anna Behm.

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Impacts of Trail Building on Wildlife: A Before-After Control-Impact Experimental Study Using Camera Traps.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Impacts of Trail Building on Wildlife: A Before-After Control-Impact Experimental Study Using Camera Traps./
作者:	Miller, Anna Behm.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
面頁冊數:	140 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-08B(E).
標題:	Natural resource management. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10585409
ISBN:	9781369638813

Impacts of Trail Building on Wildlife: A Before-After Control-Impact Experimental Study Using Camera Traps.
Miller, Anna Behm.

Impacts of Trail Building on Wildlife: A Before-After Control-Impact Experimental Study Using Camera Traps. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 140 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2016.

Protected areas are set aside from development to preserve natural ecosystems and frequently provide nature-based recreation opportunities. Recreational trails are linear infrastructures common to most protected areas, providing a path for humans to more easily travel through the natural landscape, but also concentrating their activity in certain areas. While nature-based recreation is important to maintain societies' connections with the natural world, it has also been documented to have negative effects on bird and mammal species, and may alter wildlife communities. However, most previous studies investigating interactions of humans and wildlife in rural recreation areas have been observational, lacking the ability to draw causal inference through a controlled experiment, and thus leaving much uncertainty as to the overall negative impacts of recreationists on wildlife.

ISBN: 9781369638813Subjects--Topical Terms:

589570
Natural resource management.

Impacts of Trail Building on Wildlife: A Before-After Control-Impact Experimental Study Using Camera Traps.
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520 $a Protected areas are set aside from development to preserve natural ecosystems and frequently provide nature-based recreation opportunities. Recreational trails are linear infrastructures common to most protected areas, providing a path for humans to more easily travel through the natural landscape, but also concentrating their activity in certain areas. While nature-based recreation is important to maintain societies' connections with the natural world, it has also been documented to have negative effects on bird and mammal species, and may alter wildlife communities. However, most previous studies investigating interactions of humans and wildlife in rural recreation areas have been observational, lacking the ability to draw causal inference through a controlled experiment, and thus leaving much uncertainty as to the overall negative impacts of recreationists on wildlife.
520 $a The primary goal of this dissertation is to assess the impacts of trail building on the terrestrial vertebrate community. To achieve this goal, I first standardized a method to quantify both wildlife and human activity along hiking trails using motion-triggered cameras (camera traps) and field-based observation. This work showed that the optimal camera position should be: (1) directed towards locations where people move at approximately 8 kph or slower, (2) oriented at a shallow angle to the direction of movement, and (3) placed 1-2m from the trail edge. In my field trials, 82% of pedestrians and 75% of cyclists were detected by cameras set to these specifications.
520 $a To assess the impacts of new trail building on wildlife I used this optimal camera trap protocol in a before-after control-impact (BACI) experiment at a trail construction site in Stone Mountain State Park, North Carolina. I found that coyotes and white-tailed deer (Canis latrans and Odocoileus virginianus, respectively) avoided the trail area during trail construction while raccoons (Procyon lotor) were attracted to the on-trail zone at this time. Surprisingly, overall species richness increased by 6.31 species in the on-trail zone during trail construction. After trail building was complete, eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) avoided the on-trail zone, and near-trail species richness decreased by two species, compared with pre-construction. Results were consistent with the human shield hypothesis, suggesting that smaller predators and prey species use human presence on and near the trail as a potential refuge from predation risk. Results also concurred with the mesopredator release hypothesis, with mesopredators such as gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) having increased detection rates in treatment zones during and after trail building while large predators such as coyotes and bobcats (Lynx rufus ) avoided the human activity and thus had decreased detection rates in these zones and phases.
520 $a The relatively minor impacts of trail construction on wildlife suggest little conflict between trail-based recreation and wildlife at this study site. While statistically significant impacts were found, these were primarily restricted to the trail building phase near the area of construction activity and involved relatively minor changes in the activity of common species. Although not significant to wildlife conservation in this study area, these effects could have important implications in areas where endangered species are present, especially when trail building coincides with important life stages such as the breeding season. Managers can reduce the impacts of new trail building on endangered species by avoiding habitat and seasons most essential to these species. Future studies could use the method developed here to gather long-term, fine-scale spatiotemporal data on human-wildlife interactions.
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