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Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Locom...

Copos, Calina Anamaria.

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Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Locomotion: The Effects of Cell-Surface Interaction and Cytoskeleton.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Locomotion: The Effects of Cell-Surface Interaction and Cytoskeleton./
Author:	Copos, Calina Anamaria.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
Description:	112 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-02(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-02B(E).
Subject:	Applied mathematics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10623500
ISBN:	9780355451719

Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Locomotion: The Effects of Cell-Surface Interaction and Cytoskeleton.
Copos, Calina Anamaria.

Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Locomotion: The Effects of Cell-Surface Interaction and Cytoskeleton. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 112 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-02(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.

In this work, we investigate the role of biomechanics in the migration of individual cells. We present two distinct modeling projects: an investigation of the cell-surface interaction in a crawling cell and a porous, viscoelastic description of the cell cytoskeleton which can be used to study fluid-driven locomotion. Initially, we develop a model to mechanistically explain the emergence of periodic changes in length and spatiotemporal dynamics of traction forces measured in chemotaxing uni-cellular amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. In contrast to the bio-chemical mechanisms that have been implicated in the coordination of some cellular processes, we show that many features of amoeboid locomotion emerge from a simple mechanochemical model. The mechanism for interaction with the environment in Dictyostelium is unknown and thus, we explore different cell-environment interaction models to reveal that mechanosensitive adhesions are necessary to reproduce the spatiotemporal adhesion patterns. In this modeling framework, we find that the other motility modes, such as smooth gliding, arise naturally with variations in the physical properties of the surface. Second, we develop a porous, viscoelastic model of the cell interior that accounts for the dynamic re-organization of the cytoskeletal structure. We develop this model within a framework similar to the Immersed Boundary method, which readily allows for computer simulations. The porous viscoelastic method is validated for a prescribed oscillatory shear and for an expansion driven by the motion at the boundary of a circular material by comparing numerical solutions to an analytical solution of the Maxwell model for viscoelasticity. We then use this modeling framework to simulate the passage of a cell through a microfluidic channel. We demonstrate that the rheology of the cell cytoplasm is important for capturing the transit time through a narrow channel in the presence of a pressure drop in the extracellular fluid. Thus, the contribution of this dissertation is the development of mathematical models of two main components involved in migration: the cell-surface interaction and the cytoskeleton. Our work highlights the prominent role of biomechanics in determining the emergent features of cell locomotion.

ISBN: 9780355451719Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122814
Applied mathematics.

Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Locomotion: The Effects of Cell-Surface Interaction and Cytoskeleton.
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500 $a Adviser: Robert D. Guy.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.
520 $a In this work, we investigate the role of biomechanics in the migration of individual cells. We present two distinct modeling projects: an investigation of the cell-surface interaction in a crawling cell and a porous, viscoelastic description of the cell cytoskeleton which can be used to study fluid-driven locomotion. Initially, we develop a model to mechanistically explain the emergence of periodic changes in length and spatiotemporal dynamics of traction forces measured in chemotaxing uni-cellular amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum. In contrast to the bio-chemical mechanisms that have been implicated in the coordination of some cellular processes, we show that many features of amoeboid locomotion emerge from a simple mechanochemical model. The mechanism for interaction with the environment in Dictyostelium is unknown and thus, we explore different cell-environment interaction models to reveal that mechanosensitive adhesions are necessary to reproduce the spatiotemporal adhesion patterns. In this modeling framework, we find that the other motility modes, such as smooth gliding, arise naturally with variations in the physical properties of the surface. Second, we develop a porous, viscoelastic model of the cell interior that accounts for the dynamic re-organization of the cytoskeletal structure. We develop this model within a framework similar to the Immersed Boundary method, which readily allows for computer simulations. The porous viscoelastic method is validated for a prescribed oscillatory shear and for an expansion driven by the motion at the boundary of a circular material by comparing numerical solutions to an analytical solution of the Maxwell model for viscoelasticity. We then use this modeling framework to simulate the passage of a cell through a microfluidic channel. We demonstrate that the rheology of the cell cytoplasm is important for capturing the transit time through a narrow channel in the presence of a pressure drop in the extracellular fluid. Thus, the contribution of this dissertation is the development of mathematical models of two main components involved in migration: the cell-surface interaction and the cytoskeleton. Our work highlights the prominent role of biomechanics in determining the emergent features of cell locomotion.
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