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Potential Effects of Climate Change ...

Kuo, Sui Ling.

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Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Biogeographic Distributions of Two Marine Gastropods: Insights from Mechanistic Studies.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Biogeographic Distributions of Two Marine Gastropods: Insights from Mechanistic Studies./
作者:	Kuo, Sui Ling.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2012,
面頁冊數:	147 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-02(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International74-02B(E).
標題:	Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3540524
ISBN:	9781267657152

Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Biogeographic Distributions of Two Marine Gastropods: Insights from Mechanistic Studies.
Kuo, Sui Ling.

Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Biogeographic Distributions of Two Marine Gastropods: Insights from Mechanistic Studies. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2012 - 147 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-02(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2012.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Evidence of climate change has now been observed in many ecosystems, and there is an increasing need to predict how species may be influenced by future environmental conditions. Models forecasting future distributions of organisms often assume that heat stress decreases with increasing latitude, populations within a species have similar stress tolerances, and temperature is the primary determinant of species biogeographic range boundaries. Species ranges are thus generally predicted to shift poleward with global warming. However, these assumptions neglect the fact that other ecological and evolutionary processes can also control species distributions, and influence their response to climate change. In this dissertation, I evaluated these assumptions using empirical studies of two intertidal gastropod species that occur along the northeastern Pacific coast: the channeled dogwhelk Nucella canaliculata and the specialist seaweed limpet Lottia insessa. My results demonstrate how mechanistic studies can inform more accurate predictions for species responses to climate change.

ISBN: 9781267657152Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.

Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Biogeographic Distributions of Two Marine Gastropods: Insights from Mechanistic Studies.
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245 1 0 $a Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Biogeographic Distributions of Two Marine Gastropods: Insights from Mechanistic Studies.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-02(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Eric D. Sanford.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2012.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a Evidence of climate change has now been observed in many ecosystems, and there is an increasing need to predict how species may be influenced by future environmental conditions. Models forecasting future distributions of organisms often assume that heat stress decreases with increasing latitude, populations within a species have similar stress tolerances, and temperature is the primary determinant of species biogeographic range boundaries. Species ranges are thus generally predicted to shift poleward with global warming. However, these assumptions neglect the fact that other ecological and evolutionary processes can also control species distributions, and influence their response to climate change. In this dissertation, I evaluated these assumptions using empirical studies of two intertidal gastropod species that occur along the northeastern Pacific coast: the channeled dogwhelk Nucella canaliculata and the specialist seaweed limpet Lottia insessa. My results demonstrate how mechanistic studies can inform more accurate predictions for species responses to climate change.
520 $a In Chapter 1, I used laboratory experiments to show that populations of the snail N. canaliculata had evolved genetic differences in their tolerance of heat stress, and that southern populations were less heat tolerant than their northern counterparts. This geographic variation in thermal tolerance mirrored the pattern of intertidal thermal stress along the coast, where northern sites were hotter than southern sites due to regional variation in the timing of low tides. Geographic patterns of environmental conditions and stress tolerant genotypes were spatially complex, and may modulate the effects of climate change on local population extinctions and species range shifts.
520 $a To assess the effects of future climate change on potential species range shifts, it is crucial to have baseline data on current distributional patterns. However, accurate documentation of the distribution and locations of range boundaries is lacking for most species. In Chapter 2, I examined museum collections and conducted field surveys to document the distribution of the limpet L. insessa along the northeastern Pacific coast, and clarified that the northern range boundary of this species occurs at Cape Arago in southern Oregon, USA.
520 $a In Chapter 3, I used a series of field studies and laboratory experiments to test whether the northern range boundary of L. insessa at Cape Arago is constrained by three ecological factors: (1) the limpet's physiological intolerance of the temperatures found beyond the range boundary, (2) increased mortality due to stronger wave disturbance beyond the range boundary, or (3) low densities (or the absence) of its host kelp ( Egregia menziesii) beyond the range boundary. I found little support for temperature and wave disturbance in constraining the distribution of L. insessa, and conclude that dispersal barriers created by limited availability of suitable rocky habitat appear to be the most important determinant setting the range boundary of this species. Since the range boundary of L. insessa is not set by its intolerance of cold temperatures, its range may not necessarily shift poleward as predicted even as temperatures warm.
520 $a In Chapter 4, I conducted a laboratory experiment to test empirically how the lecithotrophic (non-feeding) larvae of L. insessa will respond to future ocean conditions (elevated temperature and reduced pH). I found that fewer larvae survived to settlement under elevated temperatures, and that larval shell size was affected negatively and additively by elevated temperature and reduced pH. However, larval duration was not affected by changes in these two factors. This study suggests that lecithotrophic larvae that rely on maternal provisioning may be constrained energetically in their capacity to respond to multiple environmental stressors, and that they may be more vulnerable to climate change compared to planktotrophic larvae that can feed in the plankton to compensate for the increased metabolic costs of development under stressful conditions.
520 $a Taken together, results from Chapters 3 and 4 suggest that warming temperatures in the future may not necessarily facilitate a poleward range extension in L. insessa, whose current range boundary is limited by habitat rather than temperature. Instead, reduced larval survival under warmer temperatures may further decrease recruitment in this species that is already recruitment-limited at the current range edge, and this may potentially result in a range contraction. These complexities suggest that predictions of future changes in species distributions will benefit from a mechanistic understanding of how current species range boundaries are maintained, and how these determinants may be altered in the face of climate change.
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