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Distribution, Genetic Structure, and Conservation Status of the Cascade Red Fox in Southern Washington.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Distribution, Genetic Structure, and Conservation Status of the Cascade Red Fox in Southern Washington./
作者:	Akins, Jocelyn Robina.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
面頁冊數:	150 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-10B(E).
標題:	Wildlife conservation. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10252709
ISBN:	9781369795981

Distribution, Genetic Structure, and Conservation Status of the Cascade Red Fox in Southern Washington.
Akins, Jocelyn Robina.

Distribution, Genetic Structure, and Conservation Status of the Cascade Red Fox in Southern Washington. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 150 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

The Cascade red fox is one of 3 montane red fox (Vulpes vulpes) subspecies that inhabits the subalpine parklands and upper montane forests of the western United States. The Cascade red fox (V. v. cascadensis) occurs only in the Cascade Range in Washington State (USA) and southern British Columbia (Canada). The other 2 subspecies occur in the southern Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada (V. v. necator), and the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin Ranges (V. v. macroura). Collectively, these montane red foxes are genetically, morphologically, and ecologically distinct from lower elevation red foxes. The Cascade red fox occurs in a narrow range of high-elevation habitats. Little is known regarding its ecology or population biology; accordingly, new information will be needed to inform management decisions and design effective conservation strategies for this unique montane red fox. The objectives of my research were to characterize the distribution, genetic diversity and integrity, and landscape connectivity of the Cascade red fox in the southern Washington Cascade Range. In Chapter 1, I investigated the current distribution and habitat associations by generating and comparing 2 species distribution models: one based on presence-absence data, and another based on presence-only data. From 2008--2016, I deployed systematic non-invasive camera stations (n = 233) and opportunistically collected scats along trails, scats and urine along snow-tracks, and hair from hair-snagging devices at the camera stations. The predicted probability of occurrence of the Cascade red fox was highest in subalpine parklands and upper montane forests, at elevations centered around 2,100 m, with persistent spring snow cover, moderate temperatures, significant winter precipitation, and moderate slopes. In Chapter 2, I assessed population genetic structure and genetic diversity. I collected scat, urine, hair, and tissue samples, and used mitochondrial cytochrome-b and D-loop loci (n = 416) and 33 nuclear microsatellite DNA markers to identify 51 individuals. Nuclear genetic diversity was similar to a previous estimate obtained several generations earlier, although effective population size was <20, suggesting that genetic diversity and evolutionary potential may decrease in future generations. Although our findings show only native genetic lineages in the Cascades, non-native introgression, which is evidenced in montane red fox populations elsewhere is a potential future threat for the Cascade red fox. In Chapter 3, I evaluated patterns of gene flow in the Cascade red fox. I assessed the effects of 4 landscape covariates as predictors of genetic connectivity (Elevation, Land-cover, Roads, and Rivers). I compared univariate and multivariate models to one another and to an isolation-by-distance (null) model using landscape resistance modeling in a reciprocal-support framework. Genetic distance was significantly correlated with "resistance cost" distance associated with Land-cover, suggesting that connectivity among Cascade red fox habitats depends primarily on the continuity of subalpine parklands and upper montane coniferous forests occurring within an elevation band ranging from 1,100 to 2,100 m. These findings provide the first empirical understanding of how Cascade red fox populations are connected, and what habitat conditions are needed to maintain connectivity. In conclusion, my findings indicate that the Cascade red fox is rare in southern Washington where it occupies high-elevation habitats that are limited in extent and often disjunct. Current patterns of gene flow are maintaining population persistence; however, small genetic effective population size and the threat of non-native introgression are significant concerns. New ecological investigations and non-invasive surveys conducted throughout their range are urgently needed to develop effective strategies for conserving this unique member of Washington's native fauna.

ISBN: 9781369795981Subjects--Topical Terms:

542165
Wildlife conservation.

Distribution, Genetic Structure, and Conservation Status of the Cascade Red Fox in Southern Washington.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a The Cascade red fox is one of 3 montane red fox (Vulpes vulpes) subspecies that inhabits the subalpine parklands and upper montane forests of the western United States. The Cascade red fox (V. v. cascadensis) occurs only in the Cascade Range in Washington State (USA) and southern British Columbia (Canada). The other 2 subspecies occur in the southern Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada (V. v. necator), and the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin Ranges (V. v. macroura). Collectively, these montane red foxes are genetically, morphologically, and ecologically distinct from lower elevation red foxes. The Cascade red fox occurs in a narrow range of high-elevation habitats. Little is known regarding its ecology or population biology; accordingly, new information will be needed to inform management decisions and design effective conservation strategies for this unique montane red fox. The objectives of my research were to characterize the distribution, genetic diversity and integrity, and landscape connectivity of the Cascade red fox in the southern Washington Cascade Range. In Chapter 1, I investigated the current distribution and habitat associations by generating and comparing 2 species distribution models: one based on presence-absence data, and another based on presence-only data. From 2008--2016, I deployed systematic non-invasive camera stations (n = 233) and opportunistically collected scats along trails, scats and urine along snow-tracks, and hair from hair-snagging devices at the camera stations. The predicted probability of occurrence of the Cascade red fox was highest in subalpine parklands and upper montane forests, at elevations centered around 2,100 m, with persistent spring snow cover, moderate temperatures, significant winter precipitation, and moderate slopes. In Chapter 2, I assessed population genetic structure and genetic diversity. I collected scat, urine, hair, and tissue samples, and used mitochondrial cytochrome-b and D-loop loci (n = 416) and 33 nuclear microsatellite DNA markers to identify 51 individuals. Nuclear genetic diversity was similar to a previous estimate obtained several generations earlier, although effective population size was <20, suggesting that genetic diversity and evolutionary potential may decrease in future generations. Although our findings show only native genetic lineages in the Cascades, non-native introgression, which is evidenced in montane red fox populations elsewhere is a potential future threat for the Cascade red fox. In Chapter 3, I evaluated patterns of gene flow in the Cascade red fox. I assessed the effects of 4 landscape covariates as predictors of genetic connectivity (Elevation, Land-cover, Roads, and Rivers). I compared univariate and multivariate models to one another and to an isolation-by-distance (null) model using landscape resistance modeling in a reciprocal-support framework. Genetic distance was significantly correlated with "resistance cost" distance associated with Land-cover, suggesting that connectivity among Cascade red fox habitats depends primarily on the continuity of subalpine parklands and upper montane coniferous forests occurring within an elevation band ranging from 1,100 to 2,100 m. These findings provide the first empirical understanding of how Cascade red fox populations are connected, and what habitat conditions are needed to maintain connectivity. In conclusion, my findings indicate that the Cascade red fox is rare in southern Washington where it occupies high-elevation habitats that are limited in extent and often disjunct. Current patterns of gene flow are maintaining population persistence; however, small genetic effective population size and the threat of non-native introgression are significant concerns. New ecological investigations and non-invasive surveys conducted throughout their range are urgently needed to develop effective strategies for conserving this unique member of Washington's native fauna.
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