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Off-Target Pesticide Displacement an...

Jeffries, Matthew Donnel.

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Off-Target Pesticide Displacement and Fate in Turfgrass, Riparian and Aquatic Systems.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Off-Target Pesticide Displacement and Fate in Turfgrass, Riparian and Aquatic Systems./
Author:	Jeffries, Matthew Donnel.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
Description:	146 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-10B(E).
Subject:	Agronomy. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10610739
ISBN:	9781369856224

Off-Target Pesticide Displacement and Fate in Turfgrass, Riparian and Aquatic Systems.
Jeffries, Matthew Donnel.

Off-Target Pesticide Displacement and Fate in Turfgrass, Riparian and Aquatic Systems. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 146 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2017.

Understanding pesticide environmental fate and behavior allows turfgrass managers to maximize on-target efficacy, and minimize adverse off-target effects. With this underlying premise, field and greenhouse research was conducted to characterize various environmental fate processes of 2,4-dimethylamine salt (2,4-D) and/or azoxystrobin (methyl(E)-2-{2[6- (2-cyanophenoxy)pyrmidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate), two pesticides commonly utilized in turfgrass systems.

ISBN: 9781369856224Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122783
Agronomy.

Off-Target Pesticide Displacement and Fate in Turfgrass, Riparian and Aquatic Systems.
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245 1 0 $a Off-Target Pesticide Displacement and Fate in Turfgrass, Riparian and Aquatic Systems.
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300 $a 146 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.
500 $a Advisers: Travis Gannon; Fred Yelverton.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2017.
520 $a Understanding pesticide environmental fate and behavior allows turfgrass managers to maximize on-target efficacy, and minimize adverse off-target effects. With this underlying premise, field and greenhouse research was conducted to characterize various environmental fate processes of 2,4-dimethylamine salt (2,4-D) and/or azoxystrobin (methyl(E)-2-{2[6- (2-cyanophenoxy)pyrmidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate), two pesticides commonly utilized in turfgrass systems.
520 $a Field research was conducted to quantify 2,4-D and azoxystrobin persistence in clippings collected from three turfgrass species {hybrid bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis), tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] or zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.)}. 2,4-D and azoxystrobin were broadcast sprayed to unique plots at 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 or 0 d before clipping collection (DBCC). Following clipping collection, pesticide residue was quantified in vegetation, and release from clippings into pond water was quantified in a subsequent greenhouse experiment. Overall, pesticide removal via clipping collection ranked hybrid bermudagrass > tall fescue > zoysiagrass, which is likely due in part to varying canopy and physiological dynamics. Pesticide detection commonly occurred in samples collected 32 DBCC, suggesting clipping management should be a longterm consideration in treated turfgrass systems. 2,4-D more readily released from clippings into water than azoxystrobin, which is likely due to the former compound being more water soluble than the latter. Lastly, pesticide residue in water increased as the period between pesticide application and clipping collection narrowed, suggesting clippings collected sooner after application pose greater risk for adverse off-target effect(s).
520 $a Research to date has confirmed 2,4-D may dislodge from turfgrass; however, experiments have not compared turfgrass species or samples collected at various times within a day (TWD). In two field experiments, dislodgeable 2,4-D was compared between dormant hybrid bermudagrass and non-dormant perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), as well as at differing TWD (5:00, 7:00, 9:00, 11:00 or 13:00 EST) from non-dormant hybrid bermudagrass. Across experiments, dislodgeable 2,4-D was quantified at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 or 24 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest dislodgeable 2,4-D declines as DAT increases, with non-detection consistently occurring beyond 6 DAT. Dislodgeable 2,4-D varied between turfgrass species, with greater dislodge from non-dormant perennial ryegrass than dormant hybrid bermudagrass. Additionally, dislodgeable 2,4-D decreased as TWD increased, with < 0.1% of the applied dislodged at all 13:00 sample timings. Further, increasing dislodgeable residue from 13:00 -- 1 and 2 DAT to 5:00 of the subsequent DAT suggests 2,4-D re-suspended on treated turfgrass vegetation overnight, which was moderately to strongly correlated with climatic conditions favoring canopy moisture presence.
520 $a Despite concerted efforts by turfgrass managers to prevent pesticide transfer from the intended site, scenarios can unfold that lead to residue movement into off-target areas such as surface water. Therefore, greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the 2,4-D and azoxystrobin bioremoval capacity of aquatic plants [arrow arum (Peltandra virginica L.),pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L.) or Virginia iris (Iris virginica L.)] native to the southeast United States. Unique plant containers were adjusted to a 5 mg L-1 pesticide-water concentration at initiation, and water samples were collected 0, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28 DAT for residue analysis. Results suggest aquatic plants more readily removed azoxystrobin from water than 2,4-D. This may be due in part to compromised plant growth via herbicide injury, which was observed across all species. Overall, Virginia iris reduced pesticide residue in water more than arrow arum or pickerelweed at 28 DAT.
520 $a Information from this research improves our understanding of pesticide environmental fate and behavior in clippings, dislodgement from treated vegetation, and removal from water via phytoremediation. Ultimately, this may be used to develop best management practices to prevent off-target pesticide movement via clipping displacement and human exposure via contact with treated vegetation, as well as aid with plant selection prior to establishing/renovating riparian or stormwater wetland areas that neighbor turfgrass systems.
590 $a School code: 0155.
650 4 $a Agronomy. $3 2122783
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710 2 $a North Carolina State University. $b Crop Science. $3 3341149
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 78-10B(E).
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2017
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10610739