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Molecular structure, mechanism of function, toxin serotypes, immunogenicity, and safety issues -- Parkinson's disease. Indications: Sialorrea, blepharospasm, focal painful dystonia of hands or feet, rigidity -- Atypical Parkinson Syndromes and other neurodegenerative disorders: Sialorrea, Hyperhidrosis, Blepharospasm, Focal painful dystonia, Rigidity -- Multiple Sclerosis. Indications: Spasticity, Focal dystonia, Neuropathic pain (trigeminal neuralgia) -- Stroke- Indications: Post-stroke spasticity, Painful focal dystonia, Sialorrhea , Hemifacial spasms -- Cerebral palsy- Indications: Rigidity, Spasticity, Painful dystonia, Sialorrhea -- Orthopedic disorders- Indications: local painful arthropathies, local muscle cramps after knee or hip replacement -- Gatroentologic disorders- Indications: Achalasia, Spasm of sphincter of Oddi, Painful rectal spasms (anismus) -- Breast and Gynecologic Disorders: Pelvic pain, Vulvodynia, Local post-surgical and Post-radiatiion pain in breast cancer -- Migraine and other headaches -- Neuropathic pains (post-herpetic neuralgia, post-traumatic neuralgia, plantar fasciitis, piriformis syndrome, entrapment neuropathic pain) -- Ophthalmological disorders (blepharospasm, strabismus) -- Dermatological disorders (psoriasis , intractable pruritus) -- Traumatic brain or spinal cord injury Indications: Spasticity, Painful focal muscle cramps and Spasms -- Diseases with metal accumulation in the brain- Wilson disease and neuroferritinopathies Indications: Sialorrhea, Hyperhidrosis, Spasticity, Rigidity, Blepharospasm, Focal painful cramps and spasms -- Future prospect and potentials. |