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Forgiveness: Exploring gender differ...

Hussain, Nida.

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Forgiveness: Exploring gender difference among South Asian men and women.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Forgiveness: Exploring gender difference among South Asian men and women./
Author:	Hussain, Nida.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2012,
Description:	146 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-03(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International74-03A(E).
Subject:	South Asian studies. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3533368
ISBN:	9781267772541

Forgiveness: Exploring gender difference among South Asian men and women.
Hussain, Nida.

Forgiveness: Exploring gender difference among South Asian men and women. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2012 - 146 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-03(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Psy.D.)--Adler School of Professional Psychology, 2012.

Despite being a cross-cultural concept, studies looking at forgiveness in nonwestern cultures are scarce. An Ovid search in 2010 using the keywords "forgiveness," "Asians," and "South Asians" resulted in zero articles. Forgiveness has been a process identified with various benefits including greater physical, emotional, and psychological health (Luskin, Harris, & Thoresen, 2000). Recognizing the potential of forgiveness, then, it is surprising that there are limited studies focused on the study of forgiveness across cultures. It is not accurate to say that a concept is universal without examining how different cultures view the concept and how it is expressed within the cultures (Berry, Poortinga, Segall, & Dasen, 2002). According to the 2000 US census, South Asians, primarily Indians and Pakistanis, were the fastest growing ethnic group from 1990-2000 with a growth rate of 105.9%. Although they comprise one of the largest and fastest growing sectors among US populations, psychological studies on South Asians in general are limited, particularly in the area of forgiveness. This study makes a contribution to the research by looking at forgiveness. It specifically looks at gender differences among South Asian individuals as well as examining specific aspects of the culture that may account for these differences if found. In summary, this study looked to answer the following questions: (a) Do women who identify themselves as South Asian forgive more than males who identify themselves as South Asian. (b) Is forgiveness associated with words including: compromise, sacrifice, or putting up with, and (c) Will the women and men who score higher on forgiveness levels also identify more with Asian values. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI) and the Asian Values Scale-Revised (AVS-R) were used to measure level of forgiveness and commitment to Asian values respectively. A demographic questionnaire was used to assess level of education, immigration status, gender, ethnicity, definition of forgiveness, and words associated with forgiveness including sacrifice, compromise, and putting up with. The results of the study indicated that there were no significant differences among mean Enright scores for men and women. Thus female participants were not found to be more forgiving than men. An inverse relationship between the Enright Forgiveness Inventory and the Asian Values Scale-Revised, meaning that as individuals scored higher on the AVS-R, they scored lower on the EFI. Finally, the core South Asian feminine values of compromise, sacrifice, and putting up with were not significantly associated with forgiveness. Possible explanations for these results were explored, including efficacy of the Asian Values Scale-Revised and the Enright Forgiveness Inventory with South Asians.

ISBN: 9781267772541Subjects--Topical Terms:

3172880
South Asian studies.

Forgiveness: Exploring gender difference among South Asian men and women.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-03(E), Section: A.
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520 $a Despite being a cross-cultural concept, studies looking at forgiveness in nonwestern cultures are scarce. An Ovid search in 2010 using the keywords "forgiveness," "Asians," and "South Asians" resulted in zero articles. Forgiveness has been a process identified with various benefits including greater physical, emotional, and psychological health (Luskin, Harris, & Thoresen, 2000). Recognizing the potential of forgiveness, then, it is surprising that there are limited studies focused on the study of forgiveness across cultures. It is not accurate to say that a concept is universal without examining how different cultures view the concept and how it is expressed within the cultures (Berry, Poortinga, Segall, & Dasen, 2002). According to the 2000 US census, South Asians, primarily Indians and Pakistanis, were the fastest growing ethnic group from 1990-2000 with a growth rate of 105.9%. Although they comprise one of the largest and fastest growing sectors among US populations, psychological studies on South Asians in general are limited, particularly in the area of forgiveness. This study makes a contribution to the research by looking at forgiveness. It specifically looks at gender differences among South Asian individuals as well as examining specific aspects of the culture that may account for these differences if found. In summary, this study looked to answer the following questions: (a) Do women who identify themselves as South Asian forgive more than males who identify themselves as South Asian. (b) Is forgiveness associated with words including: compromise, sacrifice, or putting up with, and (c) Will the women and men who score higher on forgiveness levels also identify more with Asian values. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI) and the Asian Values Scale-Revised (AVS-R) were used to measure level of forgiveness and commitment to Asian values respectively. A demographic questionnaire was used to assess level of education, immigration status, gender, ethnicity, definition of forgiveness, and words associated with forgiveness including sacrifice, compromise, and putting up with. The results of the study indicated that there were no significant differences among mean Enright scores for men and women. Thus female participants were not found to be more forgiving than men. An inverse relationship between the Enright Forgiveness Inventory and the Asian Values Scale-Revised, meaning that as individuals scored higher on the AVS-R, they scored lower on the EFI. Finally, the core South Asian feminine values of compromise, sacrifice, and putting up with were not significantly associated with forgiveness. Possible explanations for these results were explored, including efficacy of the Asian Values Scale-Revised and the Enright Forgiveness Inventory with South Asians.
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