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Modelling Inferences in Historical L...

Okayasu, Emi.

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Modelling Inferences in Historical Linguistics.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Modelling Inferences in Historical Linguistics./
作者:	Okayasu, Emi.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
面頁冊數:	173 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-10A(E).
標題:	Philosophy. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10280880
ISBN:	9781369762501

Modelling Inferences in Historical Linguistics.
Okayasu, Emi.

Modelling Inferences in Historical Linguistics. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 173 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2017.

The goal of this dissertation is, broadly, to justify inferences made by historical linguists using the Comparative Method, which fall into three categories: (1) inferring whether two or more languages belong to the same family (family grouping), (2) inferring what characters a proto-language might have had on the basis of the characters of its descendant languages (proto-form reconstruction), and (3) inferring how languages within a family are related to each other (subgrouping). In Chapter 1, I address the question of family grouping, and I show that the traditional standard of evidence for establishing language families is too onerous. I propose an alternate way of evaluating evidence in favor of subgrouping using a likelihood model based on Sober and Steel (2015). In Chapter 2, I discuss proto-form reconstruction, focusing on two main Rules of Thumb that linguists use to infer unattested ancestral character states, economy and directionality. I show that the standard justification of economy falls short, but that a simple Markovian model of character evolution suffices to justify many of the kinds of reconstructions made on the basis of economy . The second Rule of Thumb, directionality, is based on the assumption that information about other unrelated language lineages can be brought to bear on the lineage whose ancestral character the comparativist is reconstructing. I use the Principle of the Common Cause to show that the transfer of information from one group of lineages to another unrelated lineage can be justified by the existence of some common cause, such as an articulatory mechanism common to all humans. In Chapter 3, I discuss some issues relating to the problem of subgrouping, which is traditionally construed as picking the best tree topology for a family of languages. First, I discuss what I call the "double dipping problem" which I propose can be solved by properly understanding the relationship between subgrouping and proto-form reconstruction. Then, I show how traditional subgrouping might be justified similarly to cladistic parsimony, an analogous principle from biological phylogenetics, and finally, I consider an alternate model for representing the history of a language family, known as historical glottometry.

ISBN: 9781369762501Subjects--Topical Terms:

516511
Philosophy.

Modelling Inferences in Historical Linguistics.
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