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Aquatic Invertebrate Dynamics in Two Systems of Conservation Concern: Investigating the Roles of Macrophytes and Other Basal Resources, Seasonality, and Effects of Weed Management.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Aquatic Invertebrate Dynamics in Two Systems of Conservation Concern: Investigating the Roles of Macrophytes and Other Basal Resources, Seasonality, and Effects of Weed Management./
作者:	Donley Marineau, Erin Elisabeth.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
面頁冊數:	131 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-10B(E).
標題:	Natural resource management. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10253557
ISBN:	9781369796186

Aquatic Invertebrate Dynamics in Two Systems of Conservation Concern: Investigating the Roles of Macrophytes and Other Basal Resources, Seasonality, and Effects of Weed Management.
Donley Marineau, Erin Elisabeth.

Aquatic Invertebrate Dynamics in Two Systems of Conservation Concern: Investigating the Roles of Macrophytes and Other Basal Resources, Seasonality, and Effects of Weed Management. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 131 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.

Aquatic invertebrates and their interactions with primary producers play a fundamental role in the flux of biomass and energy in aquatic food webs. In particular, aquatic macrophytes and other basal resources affect the structure of invertebrate communities; however, the specific nature of the relationship is highly contingent upon the properties of ecosystems where the organisms occur. Additionally, management and control measures for invasive macrophytes can influence macroinvertebrates and the food webs they support. Therefore, biological assessment of invertebrate communities and their associations with primary producers -- e.g., macrophytes and other basal resources, and effects of weed management -- is essential for ecosystem evaluation, conservation and restoration. To elucidate food web foundations for improved management of two California aquatic ecosystems of conservation concern, I structured this dissertation around three studies: In the first chapter, we used stable isotopes to examine sources of primary production -- including fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) -- that fuel food webs in California's largest spring-fed river, the Fall River (Shasta County, USA). Our data show that FPOM C:N ratios were nutritionally superior basal resource for invertebrates, and FPOM isotopic values were aligned with expected values for phytoplankton and algal materials in all seasons with possible contributions from conditioned detritus (aquatic and terrestrial) in the winter and fall. The importance of phytoplankton year-round and detrital subsidies in the winter, indicate shifts in the annual portfolio of FPOM resources which may support the metabolic needs of overwintering primary consumers of the Fall River. In the second chapter, we evaluated spatial and temporal dynamics of invertebrate communities of the Fall River, examined our findings in the context of Vannote et al.'s river continuum concept (RCC) and used statistical models to determine the role of macrophytes as habitat for invertebrates. Our data revealed that the Fall River differed from run-off driven river systems in having a higher proportion of shredders near the terminus of the Fall River in winter and spring, as well as a larger proportion of scrapers at the spring source in the fall. These differences in distribution of particular functional feeding groups are largely due to watershed differences that influence the distribution of trophic materials available to macroinvertebrates -- i.e., unlike runoff systems, the Fall River's wide channel and ample sunlight near the spring source provide abundant algal materials for scrapers much of the year, and winter detrital material in the lower reaches provide resources for shredders. Additionally, our modeling suggests that macrophyte beds of the Fall River are extremely important habitat for invertebrate populations. The results of this year-long invertebrate and habitat bioassessment effort provide a template for achieving the goal of data-driven, process-based management for this and other volcanic spring-fed rivers, which differ from run-off driven systems in ecologically important ways and are likely to be key refugia for aquatic taxa in the face of a warming climate. In the third chapter, we performed a before-after-control-impact (BACI) field experiment to determine whether or not control measures for invasive water hyacinth had impacts on invertebrate communities of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA). We determined that seasonality had a stronger influence on invertebrate abundance and diversity within living and decaying weed beds than herbicide-based weed management as performed in the Delta. The primary community-level difference noted before and after treatment was a significant rise in the number of predators later in the season. However, there were no detectable differences between control and treatment locations for invertebrate abundance, species richness, or evenness. Overall, we found that glyphosate treatment in water hyacinth mats did not substantially impede secondary productivity in invertebrate populations; even decaying weed beds may provide important prey resources for Delta fishes. In all three chapters of this dissertation, I demonstrated that investigation of aquatic food webs using biological assessment -- focusing on invertebrates and basal resources including macrophytes -- is an essential step in developing a comprehensive understanding of the distribution and abundance of biomass and energy in ecosystems of conservation concern. Ultimately, bioassessment efforts like the three chapters of this dissertation improve natural resource managers' ability to closely tailor their conservation and restoration approaches to the ecosystem properties they encounter in their work and evaluate the effectiveness of their actions relative to their conservation goals over time.

ISBN: 9781369796186Subjects--Topical Terms:

589570
Natural resource management.

Aquatic Invertebrate Dynamics in Two Systems of Conservation Concern: Investigating the Roles of Macrophytes and Other Basal Resources, Seasonality, and Effects of Weed Management.
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520 $a Aquatic invertebrates and their interactions with primary producers play a fundamental role in the flux of biomass and energy in aquatic food webs. In particular, aquatic macrophytes and other basal resources affect the structure of invertebrate communities; however, the specific nature of the relationship is highly contingent upon the properties of ecosystems where the organisms occur. Additionally, management and control measures for invasive macrophytes can influence macroinvertebrates and the food webs they support. Therefore, biological assessment of invertebrate communities and their associations with primary producers -- e.g., macrophytes and other basal resources, and effects of weed management -- is essential for ecosystem evaluation, conservation and restoration. To elucidate food web foundations for improved management of two California aquatic ecosystems of conservation concern, I structured this dissertation around three studies: In the first chapter, we used stable isotopes to examine sources of primary production -- including fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) -- that fuel food webs in California's largest spring-fed river, the Fall River (Shasta County, USA). Our data show that FPOM C:N ratios were nutritionally superior basal resource for invertebrates, and FPOM isotopic values were aligned with expected values for phytoplankton and algal materials in all seasons with possible contributions from conditioned detritus (aquatic and terrestrial) in the winter and fall. The importance of phytoplankton year-round and detrital subsidies in the winter, indicate shifts in the annual portfolio of FPOM resources which may support the metabolic needs of overwintering primary consumers of the Fall River. In the second chapter, we evaluated spatial and temporal dynamics of invertebrate communities of the Fall River, examined our findings in the context of Vannote et al.'s river continuum concept (RCC) and used statistical models to determine the role of macrophytes as habitat for invertebrates. Our data revealed that the Fall River differed from run-off driven river systems in having a higher proportion of shredders near the terminus of the Fall River in winter and spring, as well as a larger proportion of scrapers at the spring source in the fall. These differences in distribution of particular functional feeding groups are largely due to watershed differences that influence the distribution of trophic materials available to macroinvertebrates -- i.e., unlike runoff systems, the Fall River's wide channel and ample sunlight near the spring source provide abundant algal materials for scrapers much of the year, and winter detrital material in the lower reaches provide resources for shredders. Additionally, our modeling suggests that macrophyte beds of the Fall River are extremely important habitat for invertebrate populations. The results of this year-long invertebrate and habitat bioassessment effort provide a template for achieving the goal of data-driven, process-based management for this and other volcanic spring-fed rivers, which differ from run-off driven systems in ecologically important ways and are likely to be key refugia for aquatic taxa in the face of a warming climate. In the third chapter, we performed a before-after-control-impact (BACI) field experiment to determine whether or not control measures for invasive water hyacinth had impacts on invertebrate communities of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA). We determined that seasonality had a stronger influence on invertebrate abundance and diversity within living and decaying weed beds than herbicide-based weed management as performed in the Delta. The primary community-level difference noted before and after treatment was a significant rise in the number of predators later in the season. However, there were no detectable differences between control and treatment locations for invertebrate abundance, species richness, or evenness. Overall, we found that glyphosate treatment in water hyacinth mats did not substantially impede secondary productivity in invertebrate populations; even decaying weed beds may provide important prey resources for Delta fishes. In all three chapters of this dissertation, I demonstrated that investigation of aquatic food webs using biological assessment -- focusing on invertebrates and basal resources including macrophytes -- is an essential step in developing a comprehensive understanding of the distribution and abundance of biomass and energy in ecosystems of conservation concern. Ultimately, bioassessment efforts like the three chapters of this dissertation improve natural resource managers' ability to closely tailor their conservation and restoration approaches to the ecosystem properties they encounter in their work and evaluate the effectiveness of their actions relative to their conservation goals over time.
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