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Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of ...

Won, Jongho.

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Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of High Explosives in Soil.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of High Explosives in Soil./
作者:	Won, Jongho.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
面頁冊數:	234 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-08B(E).
標題:	Environmental engineering. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10583599
ISBN:	9781369622782

Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of High Explosives in Soil.
Won, Jongho.

Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of High Explosives in Soil. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 234 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2016.

The high explosive (HE) compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX; royal demolition explosive), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro- 1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX; high melting explosive) are commonly used in military munitions and can be deposited on military ranges during training activities. HEs deposited on ranges can be transported into groundwater by rainfall and migrate off the ranges, potentially causing adverse health impacts. However, only limited research has been conducted to identify cost effective technologies for treating explosives deposited on ranges. In this study, soil conditions controlling HEs natural attenuation were investigated, and the impact of mixed organic amendment (waste glycerin and lignosulfonate) in HE leaching was evaluated to improve our understanding of processes controlling HE leaching in grenade range soil.

ISBN: 9781369622782Subjects--Topical Terms:

548583
Environmental engineering.

Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of High Explosives in Soil.
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245 1 0 $a Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of High Explosives in Soil.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2016
300 $a 234 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.
500 $a Advisers: Robert C. Borden; Detlef Knappe.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2016.
520 $a The high explosive (HE) compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5- trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX; royal demolition explosive), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro- 1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX; high melting explosive) are commonly used in military munitions and can be deposited on military ranges during training activities. HEs deposited on ranges can be transported into groundwater by rainfall and migrate off the ranges, potentially causing adverse health impacts. However, only limited research has been conducted to identify cost effective technologies for treating explosives deposited on ranges. In this study, soil conditions controlling HEs natural attenuation were investigated, and the impact of mixed organic amendment (waste glycerin and lignosulfonate) in HE leaching was evaluated to improve our understanding of processes controlling HE leaching in grenade range soil.
520 $a Soil microcosms composed of grenade range soil and water showed that TNT extensively degraded under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions with or without organic amendment addition. While RDX and HMX did not biodegrade under aerobic conditions, they were significantly biodegraded under anaerobic conditions, without accumulation of TNT or RDX degradation products. Microcosm results also showed that addition of glycerin (GL) and lignosulfonate (LS) significantly increased oxygen consumption rates in soil, indicating that addition of organic amendment can potentially be effective in generating anoxic conditions and stimulating anaerobic HEs biodegradation.
520 $a Batch sorption studies were performed to identify the extent of HEs sorption and impact of LS addition. Experimental results indicate that both LS and HEs nonlinearly sorb to the soils examined in this study. Norlig A (NA, lignosulfonate) weakly binds to soil initially, with potential desorption and migration into the deeper soil. Ultrazine CA (UCA) more strongly sorbed to field sand (FS) than NA. Greater sorption of RDX was observed in range soil (RS) than in FS. RDX sorption was similar to TNT in both FS and RS, inconsistent with prior research. NA amendment was not effective in enhancing overall TNT and RDX sorption in both FS and RS. Nonlinear sorption of explosives needs to be considered as an important factor in predicting transport since sorption to soil is concentration dependent.
520 $a Transport and fate of HEs were examined in laboratory columns containing soils from two adjoining hand grenade throwing bays. Experimental treatments included amendment with GL + LS and parallel untreated controls. Experimental results showed extensive TNT degradation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, consistent with prior microcosm results. A portion of the RDX naturally attenuated in soil columns that were aerobic for much of the monitoring period. However, RDX degradation was more extensive under anoxic conditions. In one column, the soil remained anoxic for about a year after amendment addition, reducing RDX leaching. RDX was reduced to lower concentrations when elevated TOC concentrations were present in the column effluent.
520 $a A 26-month field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) and organic substrate enhanced attenuation (OSEA) on the transport and attenuation of HEs in two adjoining hand grenade throwing bays. Field monitoring results demonstrated that relatively minor changes in soil properties resulted in substantial differences in geophysical and geochemical conditions on the ranges, influencing RDX leaching. Occasional periods when the soil becomes anoxic can substantially reduce RDX leaching. Addition of GL + LS resulted in transition of redox conditions from aerobic to anoxic, reducing RDX leaching. However, additional research will be needed to develop this technology and improve our understanding of how soil properties and amendment addition control leaching.
590 $a School code: 0155.
650 4 $a Environmental engineering. $3 548583
650 4 $a Environmental science. $3 677245
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710 2 $a North Carolina State University. $3 1018772
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 78-08B(E).
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2016
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10583599