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Smart irrigation systems for crop pr...

Vick, Robert Linwood, Jr.

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Smart irrigation systems for crop production in the humid climate of the Southeastern United States.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Smart irrigation systems for crop production in the humid climate of the Southeastern United States./
Author:	Vick, Robert Linwood, Jr.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
Description:	291 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-08B(E).
Subject:	Agricultural engineering. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10583586
ISBN:	9781369622652

Smart irrigation systems for crop production in the humid climate of the Southeastern United States.
Vick, Robert Linwood, Jr.

Smart irrigation systems for crop production in the humid climate of the Southeastern United States. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 291 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2016.

A series of irrigation studies was conducted with the goal of improving irrigation scheduling in humid climates for sweetpotato and corn crops. A two-year drip irrigation study was carried out on 'Covington' sweetpotatoes in Kinston, North Carolina in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate three irrigation regimes (Control, Smart, and Timer) and two nitrogen fertilization methods (Fertigated and Side Dressed) across three harvest dates (13, 16, and 19 weeks after transplant) with regards to storage root yield, quality, set, and earliness. Both growing seasons were wetter than normal (488 mm in 2013; 901 mm in 2014), resulting in minimal need for irrigation. The Smart treatment, which was triggered when volumetric soil water content dropped below a threshold of 0.12 mm3 mm-3, only ran twice in 2013 (10 mm total) and once (5 mm total) in 2014, not including water applied during fertigation events. Total yield in 2014 (51,501 kg ha -1) was 51% greater than total yield in 2013 (34,010 kg ha- 1), which was likely attributed to well-timed rainfall, more so than to the quantity of it. There was no evidence of an irrigation or fertigation treatment main effect on yield or root set; however, at the last harvest, plants of the Smart treatment yielded 12% more than the Control (46,122 kg ha-1) and 15% more than the Timer (45,128 kg ha-1), which suggests that minimal, yet properly timed irrigation may increase yield, while over-irrigation could have a detrimental effect.

ISBN: 9781369622652Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168406
Agricultural engineering.

Smart irrigation systems for crop production in the humid climate of the Southeastern United States.
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245 1 0 $a Smart irrigation systems for crop production in the humid climate of the Southeastern United States.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2016
300 $a 291 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-08(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Mohamed A. Youssef.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2016.
520 $a A series of irrigation studies was conducted with the goal of improving irrigation scheduling in humid climates for sweetpotato and corn crops. A two-year drip irrigation study was carried out on 'Covington' sweetpotatoes in Kinston, North Carolina in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate three irrigation regimes (Control, Smart, and Timer) and two nitrogen fertilization methods (Fertigated and Side Dressed) across three harvest dates (13, 16, and 19 weeks after transplant) with regards to storage root yield, quality, set, and earliness. Both growing seasons were wetter than normal (488 mm in 2013; 901 mm in 2014), resulting in minimal need for irrigation. The Smart treatment, which was triggered when volumetric soil water content dropped below a threshold of 0.12 mm3 mm-3, only ran twice in 2013 (10 mm total) and once (5 mm total) in 2014, not including water applied during fertigation events. Total yield in 2014 (51,501 kg ha -1) was 51% greater than total yield in 2013 (34,010 kg ha- 1), which was likely attributed to well-timed rainfall, more so than to the quantity of it. There was no evidence of an irrigation or fertigation treatment main effect on yield or root set; however, at the last harvest, plants of the Smart treatment yielded 12% more than the Control (46,122 kg ha-1) and 15% more than the Timer (45,128 kg ha-1), which suggests that minimal, yet properly timed irrigation may increase yield, while over-irrigation could have a detrimental effect.
520 $a To assist growers with irrigation scheduling in region such as the southeastern United States, where growing season rainfall is characterized by variability and high intensity, short duration events, a web-based irrigation decision support system (IDSS) was developed and tested. The real-time IDSS incorporates crop growth stage (estimated based on cumulative growing degree days), soil water status of the root zone (estimated via soil moisture sensors or a soil water balance), and a short-term weather forecast (specifically predicted daily reference evapotranspiration, probability of precipitation, and quantity of precipitation) to calculate a daily irrigation recommendation for the grower.
520 $a The IDSS was implemented in a field study in Kinston during the 2014 growing season on corn grown under a variable rate irrigation (VRI) system, which was intended to be used to test the IDSS against routine irrigation and no irrigation plots in the same field. The growing season, however, was one of the wettest in recent history (933 mm), which combined with poor drainage, inherent field variability, and low plant stands resulted in total irrigation applications of only 16 mm in the IDSS-based treatment (Smart) and 32 mm in the routine treatment (Routine). Accordingly, the study focus was shifted away from comparing yield and water use among irrigation treatments to evaluating the soil water balance component of the IDSS against field measured soil moisture and to explaining the variability observed across the field in plant vigor, development, and yield. Overall, the IDSS soil water balance was able to acceptably predict root zone soil water content (NSE = 0.808, RSME = 9.3 mm), but tended to over predict the effects of rainfall events as well as drawdown rates in drying periods. Soil penetration resistance measurements taken at multiple locations across the field revealed the presence of a compaction layer between 150 and 300 mm below the soil surface, with values exceeding the threshold for root impedance in some places at as shallow as 50 mm. Maps of maximum penetration values and yield provided visual evidence of correlation between the measures.
520 $a A sensitivity analysis of the IDSS and a six-year (2009 -- 2014) simulation study across five locations in Eastern North Carolina (Kinston, Lewiston, Lumberton, Rocky Mount, and Whiteville) was also conducted using CSM-CERES-Maize in the DSSAT suite of crop models. Sensitivity indices (S) were greatest for the effect of year (0.54) and the interaction between year and location (0.24) on seasonal irrigation recommendations, reflecting the dependence of irrigation requirements on rainfall. The effect of rainfall timing was also demonstrated as seasons with comparable cumulative rainfalls had distinctly different irrigation totals depending on when rainfall occurred during the growing seasons.
520 $a Simulated corn yields indicated no yield differences between treatments of IDSSscheduled irrigation based on actual forecast data (9,114 kg ha -1) and based on observed weather data substituted as "perfect" forecasts (9,120 kg ha-1). Both IDSS-based treatments on average yielded 4% more than full irrigation on a fixed schedule (8,762 kg ha -1) and 82% more than no irrigation (5,010 kg ha-1), while reducing seasonal and location variability in yields and increasing responsiveness of irrigation totals to variations in seasonal rainfall. Simulation results suggest that integrating well-timed irrigation with improved fertility management could increase corn yields in Eastern North Carolina by as much as 168%.
590 $a School code: 0155.
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