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Interactions Among the Walnut Twig B...

Hishinuma, Stacy.

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Interactions Among the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus Juglandis, the Pathogenic Fungus, Geosmithia Morbida, and Host Species in Thousand Cankers Disease in California.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Interactions Among the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus Juglandis, the Pathogenic Fungus, Geosmithia Morbida, and Host Species in Thousand Cankers Disease in California./
作者:	Hishinuma, Stacy.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
面頁冊數:	309 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-10B(E).
標題:	Entomology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10259468
ISBN:	9781369796674

Interactions Among the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus Juglandis, the Pathogenic Fungus, Geosmithia Morbida, and Host Species in Thousand Cankers Disease in California.
Hishinuma, Stacy.

Interactions Among the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus Juglandis, the Pathogenic Fungus, Geosmithia Morbida, and Host Species in Thousand Cankers Disease in California. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 309 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.

Interactions among the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, the pathogenic fungus, Geosmithia morbida, and host species in thousand cankers disease in California The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, is a phloeophagous insect that vectors the pathogenic fungus, Geosmithia morbida. The beetle and fungus colonize the phloem of walnut, Juglans spp., and wingnut, Pterocarya spp., resulting in localized necrosis. Together, the beetle and fungus cause thousand cankers disease (TCD), which is fatal to these trees in the Juglandaceae. Over the past decade TCD has caused the gradual decline of trees representing several species of black walnut in the western United States.

ISBN: 9781369796674Subjects--Topical Terms:

615844
Entomology.

Interactions Among the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus Juglandis, the Pathogenic Fungus, Geosmithia Morbida, and Host Species in Thousand Cankers Disease in California.
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245 1 0 $a Interactions Among the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus Juglandis, the Pathogenic Fungus, Geosmithia Morbida, and Host Species in Thousand Cankers Disease in California.
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300 $a 309 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-10(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Mary Louise Flint.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.
520 $a Interactions among the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, the pathogenic fungus, Geosmithia morbida, and host species in thousand cankers disease in California The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, is a phloeophagous insect that vectors the pathogenic fungus, Geosmithia morbida. The beetle and fungus colonize the phloem of walnut, Juglans spp., and wingnut, Pterocarya spp., resulting in localized necrosis. Together, the beetle and fungus cause thousand cankers disease (TCD), which is fatal to these trees in the Juglandaceae. Over the past decade TCD has caused the gradual decline of trees representing several species of black walnut in the western United States.
520 $a In order to monitor the frequency, severity, and progression of TCD over time and space, a survey protocol was established and annual surveys were conducted (2010-2014) in areas with native and planted walnut trees in California. Seven survey locations were selected in six counties spanning latitudes from 39.745° to 34.099° (680 km) and longitudes from --121.978° to --118.195° (350 km) (Butte, Los Angeles, Solano, Sutter, Tulare, and Yolo Cos.). Elevation of the locations ranged from 23 to 122 m. The survey included all walnut species native to western North America (Juglans californica, J. hindsii, J. major, J. microcarpa) as well as several introduced species including J. regia (English walnut), the species used in commercial walnut production. One site, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) Juglans collection (Solano Co., CA), included assemblages of all walnut species in the survey and was used to compare responses to TCD among host species under the same growing conditions. Disease-related symptoms and signs such as crown condition; number of P. juglandis entrance/emergence holes; and total number of sap stains on the main stem and branches were recorded and integrated into models to describe the frequency, severity, and progression of TCD. The greatest frequency and fastest progression of symptoms (years until 5% of same symptom cohorts die) occurred in the two Juglans species native to California (J. californica and J. hindsii). Symptoms progressed more slowly in J. regia and in J. major (the ancestral host of P. juglandis) than in any other species. Over the course of the study, there were also significant increases in rates of tree mortality for most species and locations. Cumulative TCD-associated mortality in native stands of J. californica and J. hindsii was approximately 10% by the end of the survey. Juglans californica at the USDA ARS NCGR had both the highest cumulative level of mortality (43%) and nearly the highest cumulative rate of increase in mortality (from 5.5 to 43% or 9.4% y-1 from 2010-2014). The cumulative levels of mortality for J. regia across three locations were similar and less than 5%. Other tree decline factors (e.g., crown gall infection, shallow bark canker infection) were correlated significantly with TCD infection, and, surprisingly, most of the correlations were negative. The survey revealed that TCD is present with a relatively severe impact throughout the entire latitudinal and longitudinal range that was evaluated in California.
520 $a Since the host colonization behavior of P. juglandis was likely to determine the impact and progression of TCD in different host trees, that behavior was investigated by measuring and comparing rates of landing and gallery initiation by P. juglandis adults on branch sections of two hosts, northern California black walnut, J. hindsii, and the Chandler variety of English walnut, J. regia . The study in a Yolo Co. riparian area with a population of P. juglandis in J. hindsii was repeated for three field seasons (2011-2013). Half of the trap branch sections were baited with aggregation pheromone lures, and half were left unbaited. More P. juglandis adults landed on and initiated galleries during 24 hr assay periods in branch sections treated with the aggregation pheromone lure than in their unbaited counterparts. In two of three years, P. juglandis demonstrated a preference for landing on and initiating galleries in J. hindsii over J. regia. Male beetles landed and initiated galleries most frequently, and the most frequent combination of sexes in the 24 hr old galleries was 1 male and 1 female. Galleries were initiated primarily by males in lenticels (J. hindsii) or leaf scars (J. regia). No physical attributes of hosts consistently affected landing and gallery initiation behavior. Although surface area (i.e., branch size) affected the landing rate and gallery initiation of P. juglandis in 2011, it did not in 2012 and 2013. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
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