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Temperament in rhesus monkeys (Macac...

Sullivan, Erin Colleen.

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Temperament in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Associations across generations, genetic underpinnings, influence of sibling experience, and stability over time.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Temperament in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Associations across generations, genetic underpinnings, influence of sibling experience, and stability over time./
作者:	Sullivan, Erin Colleen.
面頁冊數:	105 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-10(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International73-10B(E).
標題:	Psychobiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3511948
ISBN:	9781267402028

Temperament in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Associations across generations, genetic underpinnings, influence of sibling experience, and stability over time.
Sullivan, Erin Colleen.

Temperament in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Associations across generations, genetic underpinnings, influence of sibling experience, and stability over time. - 105 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-10(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2012.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Temperament has been defined as an individual's consistent pattern of responsiveness that is thought to be partially heritable, biologically based, present early in life, and stable over time. Few studies, however, have investigated these assumptions in a systematic and standardized manner. Here we explored cross-generational associations in measures of temperament, the role of genetic polymorphisms in these associations, contributions of older siblings to infant temperament, and stability in one component of temperament, behavioral responsivity, from infancy to adulthood. These investigations were conducted using rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at the California National Primate Research Center. Temperament ratings were conducted on 3-4 month old animals after a 25-hour biobehavioral assessment. Factor analysis revealed a four factor structure of temperament. Females assessed as infants have reproduced and their offspring have also been evaluated through the standardized testing paradigm. In the first study presented here, we explore the relationship between measures of temperament in mothers and their first-born offspring and the role of genetic sensitivity in establishing the strength of these associations. Canonical correlation analysis revealed statistically significant associations between factor scores of mothers and sons, but not mothers and daughters. Further, offspring possessing the high activity, "low risk", alleles of the rhMAOA-LPR or rh5-HTTLPR showed statistically significant canonical correlations, whereas those possessing other alleles did not, suggesting differential genetic sensitivity to the normative early experience of maternal temperament. We were also interested in contributions of older siblings to the development of temperament in infant rhesus monkeys. Siblings were not similar to each other in measures of temperament. Infants had higher scores than their older sibling (also assessed at 3-4 months of age) on the Gentle and Confident, as well as lower scores on the Nervous factor. When assessed across temperament factors, infant Vigilant temperament factor scores were most strongly predicted by their older siblings' Gentle, Vigilant, and Confident scores. Interestingly, siblings who were not reared together showed strong associations in Vigilant temperament factor scores. This suggests that consistency in genes and shared experiences influence the development of this temperament factor. Additionally, non-shared experiences may affect variability between siblings, with the presence of older siblings contributing to these effects. Finally, we assessed stability in behavioral measures of temperament in 124 female rhesus monkeys in both infancy (3-4mo.) and adulthood (6yrs). At both time-points, animals were relocated from their homecage to a novel environment and behavioral responsiveness was measured from a 5-min focal observation. Two infant behavioral factors have been previously identified: Activity and Emotionality. Here we report several consistencies in the expression of behavioral responsivity from infancy to adulthood. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that infant behavioral factor scores were predictive of adult behaviors upon introduction to the novel environment, but not after a period of adaptation. This indicates that infant measures of behavioral responsivity are dispositional characteristics that are consistent over time. Taken together, these studies reveal considerable associations in measures of temperament between mother-offspring and sibling dyads, genetic sensitivity to early normative experience, and evidence of stability in behavioral measures of temperament from infancy to adulthood.

ISBN: 9781267402028Subjects--Topical Terms:

555678
Psychobiology.

Temperament in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Associations across generations, genetic underpinnings, influence of sibling experience, and stability over time.
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506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a Temperament has been defined as an individual's consistent pattern of responsiveness that is thought to be partially heritable, biologically based, present early in life, and stable over time. Few studies, however, have investigated these assumptions in a systematic and standardized manner. Here we explored cross-generational associations in measures of temperament, the role of genetic polymorphisms in these associations, contributions of older siblings to infant temperament, and stability in one component of temperament, behavioral responsivity, from infancy to adulthood. These investigations were conducted using rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at the California National Primate Research Center. Temperament ratings were conducted on 3-4 month old animals after a 25-hour biobehavioral assessment. Factor analysis revealed a four factor structure of temperament. Females assessed as infants have reproduced and their offspring have also been evaluated through the standardized testing paradigm. In the first study presented here, we explore the relationship between measures of temperament in mothers and their first-born offspring and the role of genetic sensitivity in establishing the strength of these associations. Canonical correlation analysis revealed statistically significant associations between factor scores of mothers and sons, but not mothers and daughters. Further, offspring possessing the high activity, "low risk", alleles of the rhMAOA-LPR or rh5-HTTLPR showed statistically significant canonical correlations, whereas those possessing other alleles did not, suggesting differential genetic sensitivity to the normative early experience of maternal temperament. We were also interested in contributions of older siblings to the development of temperament in infant rhesus monkeys. Siblings were not similar to each other in measures of temperament. Infants had higher scores than their older sibling (also assessed at 3-4 months of age) on the Gentle and Confident, as well as lower scores on the Nervous factor. When assessed across temperament factors, infant Vigilant temperament factor scores were most strongly predicted by their older siblings' Gentle, Vigilant, and Confident scores. Interestingly, siblings who were not reared together showed strong associations in Vigilant temperament factor scores. This suggests that consistency in genes and shared experiences influence the development of this temperament factor. Additionally, non-shared experiences may affect variability between siblings, with the presence of older siblings contributing to these effects. Finally, we assessed stability in behavioral measures of temperament in 124 female rhesus monkeys in both infancy (3-4mo.) and adulthood (6yrs). At both time-points, animals were relocated from their homecage to a novel environment and behavioral responsiveness was measured from a 5-min focal observation. Two infant behavioral factors have been previously identified: Activity and Emotionality. Here we report several consistencies in the expression of behavioral responsivity from infancy to adulthood. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that infant behavioral factor scores were predictive of adult behaviors upon introduction to the novel environment, but not after a period of adaptation. This indicates that infant measures of behavioral responsivity are dispositional characteristics that are consistent over time. Taken together, these studies reveal considerable associations in measures of temperament between mother-offspring and sibling dyads, genetic sensitivity to early normative experience, and evidence of stability in behavioral measures of temperament from infancy to adulthood.
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