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Three Essays in Empirical Economics.

Hoffmann, Bridget Lynn.

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Three Essays in Empirical Economics.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Three Essays in Empirical Economics./
作者:	Hoffmann, Bridget Lynn.
面頁冊數:	159 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-10(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-10A(E).
標題:	Economic theory. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3705270
ISBN:	9781321781632

Three Essays in Empirical Economics.
Hoffmann, Bridget Lynn.

Three Essays in Empirical Economics. - 159 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-10(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2015.

In Chapter 1, I use a field experiment in India to study the targeting of health products to the poor, using monetary prices and non-monetary prices (time costs) to allocate the good. I model household demand for a health product at monetary prices and at non-monetary prices. The model illustrates that monetary prices screen out the poor and that it is theoretically ambiguous whether non-monetary prices screen out the rich or the poor due to opposing income and substitution effects. Therefore, whether non-monetary prices target the poor better than monetary prices is an empirical question. In order to generate estimates for demand at monetary prices and at non-monetary prices, I conducted a field experiment in India in which I elicited respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for a water purifier in Rupees and in working hours. I find that a 10% increase in daily household income implies a 2.0% increase in monetary WTP. In contrast, a 10% increase in daily household income implies a 0.5% decrease in non-monetary WTP. Comparing across price types, non-monetary WTP falls 2.3% relative to monetary WTP for a 10% increase in daily household income. Using demand curves estimated from the WTP data, I evaluate the problem of a principal with a fixed budget whose objective is to increase take-up of the health product, in particular by those with greatest need. In this case, the principal targets the poor because the poor are less likely to own a water purifier at baseline and are more likely to report episodes of water borne illness. Despite better targeting achieved by non-monetary prices, the principal optimally chooses a monetary price for a large range of parameters.

ISBN: 9781321781632Subjects--Topical Terms:

1556984
Economic theory.

Three Essays in Empirical Economics.
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245 1 0 $a Three Essays in Empirical Economics.
300 $a 159 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-10(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Seema Jayachandran.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2015.
520 $a In Chapter 1, I use a field experiment in India to study the targeting of health products to the poor, using monetary prices and non-monetary prices (time costs) to allocate the good. I model household demand for a health product at monetary prices and at non-monetary prices. The model illustrates that monetary prices screen out the poor and that it is theoretically ambiguous whether non-monetary prices screen out the rich or the poor due to opposing income and substitution effects. Therefore, whether non-monetary prices target the poor better than monetary prices is an empirical question. In order to generate estimates for demand at monetary prices and at non-monetary prices, I conducted a field experiment in India in which I elicited respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for a water purifier in Rupees and in working hours. I find that a 10% increase in daily household income implies a 2.0% increase in monetary WTP. In contrast, a 10% increase in daily household income implies a 0.5% decrease in non-monetary WTP. Comparing across price types, non-monetary WTP falls 2.3% relative to monetary WTP for a 10% increase in daily household income. Using demand curves estimated from the WTP data, I evaluate the problem of a principal with a fixed budget whose objective is to increase take-up of the health product, in particular by those with greatest need. In this case, the principal targets the poor because the poor are less likely to own a water purifier at baseline and are more likely to report episodes of water borne illness. Despite better targeting achieved by non-monetary prices, the principal optimally chooses a monetary price for a large range of parameters.
520 $a Chapter 2 is joint work with Riccardo Colacito and Toan Phan. We provide empirical evidence that temperature affects economic growth in the United States. Our analysis documents the importance of focusing on the role of seasonal temperatures. While the link between average annual temperatures and economic growth is typically hard to establish, our results show that i) rising Summer temperatures depress growth, and ii) rising Fall temperatures increase economic growth. However, Summer temperatures are expected to increase at a faster pace relative to that of Fall temperatures. Our estimation implies that, in net, the Summer effect dominates: rising temperatures can decrease the growth rate of US GDP by as much as one third, thus resulting in large welfare losses.
520 $a In Chapter 3, I use a gravity model with bilateral pair fixed effects and time fixed effects to estimate the impact of the opening of the Panama Canal on international trade. This method perfectly controls for any fixed determinant of international trade for each bilateral pair and captures any time trend present in the data. Therefore, the estimates of the effect of distance on trade volumes more accurately represent the effect of transportation costs on trade volumes. In the full sample, the elasticity of trade with respect to sea distance is estimated as 0.17 and is different from zero at the 5% level. This elasticity is smaller than most estimates from typical gravity models but still predicts a significant increase in international trade attributable to shorter nautical trade routes.
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