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Characteristics of Clinical Mastitis...

Oliveira, Leane.

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Characteristics of Clinical Mastitis Occurring in Cows on Large Dairy Herds in Wisconsin.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Characteristics of Clinical Mastitis Occurring in Cows on Large Dairy Herds in Wisconsin./
Author:	Oliveira, Leane.
Description:	264 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-11(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International73-11B(E).
Subject:	Veterinary science. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3513006
ISBN:	9781267425454

Characteristics of Clinical Mastitis Occurring in Cows on Large Dairy Herds in Wisconsin.
Oliveira, Leane.

Characteristics of Clinical Mastitis Occurring in Cows on Large Dairy Herds in Wisconsin. - 264 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-11(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2012.

In recent years, the U.S. dairy industry has experienced significant structural changes with an increasing number of large herds. Mastitis is the main disease affecting dairy cows and the main reason for antimicrobial usage on dairy herds. In addition, there is an increasing public concern about the use of antimicrobials in food animals, and consumers are increasingly concerned about food safety and the presence of antibiotic residues in milk. Characterization of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on large dairy herds is essential to create effective control and prevention programs focusing on prudent antimicrobial usage. A total of 747 cows experiencing clinical mastitis from 51 large dairy herds were enrolled in this study. Of 747 cows, the most prevalent pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (22.6%), followed by environmental streptococci (12.7%), Klebsiella spp. (6.9%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (6.0%). Of the 589 cases with severity scored reported, the distribution of clinical mastitis cases with mild, moderate and severe symptoms was 48.2%, 36.7%, and 15.1%, respectively. A varied of antimicrobial treatments were described by herds. Ceftiofur was the most common intramammary used by herds. Although some extra-label use of antimicrobial is unavoidable, a large percentage of the treatments were extra-label. Treatment outcomes of clinical mastitis were influenced by different factors such as parity, previous cases of mastitis, etiology of clinical mastitis cases, milk yield and somatic cell count previous to the case. Phenotypic and genotypic methods have been use to identify pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis. The present study suggests that the molecular methods had similar performance (16S rRNA or rpoB gene) and would be of more value for speciation of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis compared to phenotypic methods (API Staph or GenIII Ominilog System). The present study also investigated phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance to selected drugs among species of staphylococci and streptococci recovered from clinical mastitis cases. Results indicate a low prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials included in this study. Differences in resistance for few antimicrobials existed among species. Further studies should investigate the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial usage.

ISBN: 9781267425454Subjects--Topical Terms:

3172798
Veterinary science.

Characteristics of Clinical Mastitis Occurring in Cows on Large Dairy Herds in Wisconsin.
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520 $a In recent years, the U.S. dairy industry has experienced significant structural changes with an increasing number of large herds. Mastitis is the main disease affecting dairy cows and the main reason for antimicrobial usage on dairy herds. In addition, there is an increasing public concern about the use of antimicrobials in food animals, and consumers are increasingly concerned about food safety and the presence of antibiotic residues in milk. Characterization of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on large dairy herds is essential to create effective control and prevention programs focusing on prudent antimicrobial usage. A total of 747 cows experiencing clinical mastitis from 51 large dairy herds were enrolled in this study. Of 747 cows, the most prevalent pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (22.6%), followed by environmental streptococci (12.7%), Klebsiella spp. (6.9%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (6.0%). Of the 589 cases with severity scored reported, the distribution of clinical mastitis cases with mild, moderate and severe symptoms was 48.2%, 36.7%, and 15.1%, respectively. A varied of antimicrobial treatments were described by herds. Ceftiofur was the most common intramammary used by herds. Although some extra-label use of antimicrobial is unavoidable, a large percentage of the treatments were extra-label. Treatment outcomes of clinical mastitis were influenced by different factors such as parity, previous cases of mastitis, etiology of clinical mastitis cases, milk yield and somatic cell count previous to the case. Phenotypic and genotypic methods have been use to identify pathogens isolated from bovine mastitis. The present study suggests that the molecular methods had similar performance (16S rRNA or rpoB gene) and would be of more value for speciation of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis compared to phenotypic methods (API Staph or GenIII Ominilog System). The present study also investigated phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance to selected drugs among species of staphylococci and streptococci recovered from clinical mastitis cases. Results indicate a low prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials included in this study. Differences in resistance for few antimicrobials existed among species. Further studies should investigate the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial usage.
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