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Thermal state and earthquake source ...

Rotman, Holly.

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Thermal state and earthquake source parameters at subduction zones.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Thermal state and earthquake source parameters at subduction zones./
作者:	Rotman, Holly.
面頁冊數:	110 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-07(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-07B(E).
標題:	Geophysics. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3684396
ISBN:	9781321594836

Thermal state and earthquake source parameters at subduction zones.
Rotman, Holly.

Thermal state and earthquake source parameters at subduction zones. - 110 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-07(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2015.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Subduction zone megathrust faults produce the largest known earthquakes and therefore pose significant hazard to nearby populations, but the thermal state and physical interface of the megathrust are not reliably understood. Recent advances have been made in understanding influences on megathrust temperatures and developing more representative models of subduction zones from the surface to the termination of the coupled megathrust. Favorable temperatures for earthquake slip have been suggested based on metamorphic reactions and sliding behavior. Probing fault conditions with stress drop, an earthquake source parameter, can illuminate variations caused by temperature, degree of coupling, and fault roughness. Understanding earthquake nucleation conditions, controls on the downdip and updip limits of seismicity, and along-strike variations in slip can improve seismic hazard maps and increase our comprehension of subduction zone processes worldwide. This dissertation focuses on these goals by using thermal models and earthquake source parameters.

ISBN: 9781321594836Subjects--Topical Terms:

535228
Geophysics.

Thermal state and earthquake source parameters at subduction zones.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2015.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a Subduction zone megathrust faults produce the largest known earthquakes and therefore pose significant hazard to nearby populations, but the thermal state and physical interface of the megathrust are not reliably understood. Recent advances have been made in understanding influences on megathrust temperatures and developing more representative models of subduction zones from the surface to the termination of the coupled megathrust. Favorable temperatures for earthquake slip have been suggested based on metamorphic reactions and sliding behavior. Probing fault conditions with stress drop, an earthquake source parameter, can illuminate variations caused by temperature, degree of coupling, and fault roughness. Understanding earthquake nucleation conditions, controls on the downdip and updip limits of seismicity, and along-strike variations in slip can improve seismic hazard maps and increase our comprehension of subduction zone processes worldwide. This dissertation focuses on these goals by using thermal models and earthquake source parameters.
520 $a Modeling the effects of hydrothermal circulation in the upper 600 m of subducting oceanic lithosphere is important for understanding a wide range of seismic, metamorphic, and magmatic processes at subduction zones. For example, the circulation homogenizes temperatures and increases the width of the thermally controlled seismogenic zone. Chapters 1 and 2 focus on modeling the thermal effects of this circulation. In chapter 1, generic thermal models for the global range of subducting plate age, convergence rate, and dip reveal that maximum cooling occurs for young, steeply dipping, and slowly converging subducted lithosphere. The thermal effects of hydrothermal circulation decrease dramatically with increasing age of the subducting plate. Approximately half the margins significantly affected by hydrothermal circulation still require updated thermal models to better estimate the width of the seismogenic zone. In chapter 2, modeling focuses on the south central Chile subduction zone, where the largest recorded earthquake occurred in 1960. The rupture zone is not as well documented as more recent events, and the younger crust in the south and some geodetic and thermal models suggest a southward narrowing of the seismogenic zone. Four model profiles in south central Chile show that frictional heating significantly warms (by up to 155°C) older incoming lithosphere, and that heat flux observations are most consistent with hydrothermal circulation in the subducting Nazca plate. The cooling effect of the hydrothermal circulation suggests a constant width for the 1960 rupture.
520 $a Chapter 3 focuses on determination of earthquake source parameters for small events recorded by temporary networks between 1999-2003 at the Middle America trench. The subducting Cocos Plate along Costa Rica demonstrates variable bathymetry, thermal state, and range of earthquake types in a relatively short along strike distance. Spectral ratios of S-wave coda for 308 events of 1.6 < Mw < 4.4 near the plate interface are used to determine moment, corner frequency, and stress drop. Stress drop is heterogeneous, does not show a linear increase with depth or temperature or a strong variation for earthquakes located in slow slip and tremor zones compared to events outside slow slip and tremor zones. Stress drop is lowest north of the Osa Peninsula, where two Mw > 6 events occurred in the four years prior to network deployment, and highest in the locked region of central Nicoya Peninsula near the 5 September 2012 Mw 7.6 event. These results are consistent with prior findings of spatially variable stress drop in the region, but are new in suggesting that stress drop values north of Osa Peninsula and in central Nicoya may indicate temporally variable stress drop that increases prior to a large earthquake and decreases following a large earthquake.
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