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Fabrication and Design of Optical Na...

Huntington, Mark D.

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Fabrication and Design of Optical Nanomaterials.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Fabrication and Design of Optical Nanomaterials./
作者:	Huntington, Mark D.
面頁冊數:	299 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-08B(E).
標題:	Nanotechnology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3686606
ISBN:	9781321634112

Fabrication and Design of Optical Nanomaterials.
Huntington, Mark D.

Fabrication and Design of Optical Nanomaterials. - 299 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2015.

Over the past several decades, advances in nanometer scale fabrication has sparked interes in applications that take advantage of materials that are structured at these small length scales. Specifically, metallic optical nanomaterials have emerged as a new way to control light at length scales that are smaller than the wavelength of light and have optical properties that are distinctly different from their macroscale counterparts. Although there have been may advances in nanofabrication, the performance and widespread use of optical nanomaterials is still limited by fabrication and design challenges. This dissertation describes advances in the fabrication, characterization, and design of optical nanomaterials.

ISBN: 9781321634112Subjects--Topical Terms:

526235
Nanotechnology.

Fabrication and Design of Optical Nanomaterials.
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245 1 0 $a Fabrication and Design of Optical Nanomaterials.
300 $a 299 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Teri W. Odom.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2015.
520 $a Over the past several decades, advances in nanometer scale fabrication has sparked interes in applications that take advantage of materials that are structured at these small length scales. Specifically, metallic optical nanomaterials have emerged as a new way to control light at length scales that are smaller than the wavelength of light and have optical properties that are distinctly different from their macroscale counterparts. Although there have been may advances in nanofabrication, the performance and widespread use of optical nanomaterials is still limited by fabrication and design challenges. This dissertation describes advances in the fabrication, characterization, and design of optical nanomaterials.
520 $a First we demonstrate how a portable and compact photolithography system can be made using a light source composed of UV LEDs. Our solid-state photolithography (SSP) system brings the capabilities of one of the most important yet workhorse tools of micro- and nanotechnology---the mask aligner---to the benchtop. The two main highlights of chapter 2 include: (i) portable, low-cost photolithography and (ii) high quality patterning. We replace the mask aligner with a system composed of UV LEDs and a diffuser that can be built for as little as $30. The design of the SSP system alleviates the need for dedicated power supplies, vacuum lines and cooling systems, which makes it a true benchtop photolithography system. We further show that sub-wavelength features can be fabricated across 4-in wafers and that these patterns are of high quality such that they can be easily transferred into functional materials.
520 $a Chapter 3 describes a parallel method to create nanometer scale textures over large areas with unprecedented control over wrinkle wavelength. The main points of this chapter include: (i) a new material system for nanowrinkles, (ii) wrinkles with tunable wavelengths, and (iii) a method for measuring the skin thickness. First, we show that RIE treatment of PS with fluorinated molecules can be used to create nanometer-scale wrinkles. Next, we found that wrinkle wavelength could be controlled by either (i) changing the gas used during RIE treatment or (ii) by changing the plasma exposure time for a specific gas. We fabricated wrinkles with wavelengths ranging from 250 nm to 50 nm by chemically treating PS thermoplastic films with RIE gases SF6, CF4, CHF3 or Ar. Unique to the CHF3 gas, the wrinkle wavelength could be continuously tuned from several microns down to as small as 30 nm simply by decreasing the RIE exposure time. Finally, in previous work on polymeric wrinkle systems it was not possible to measure the thickness of the skin layer using ellipsometry because there was not enough refractive difference contrast between the skin and substrate layer. Therefore, more complicated and destructive techniques were used such as secondary ion mass spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Here we showed that the fluorination of the top layer causes a significant shift in the refractive index of the top layer, so that ellipsometry could be used measure the thickness of the modified layer. The thickness of the skin layer was used to determine the Young's moduli of the skin and substrate.
520 $a We continue the discussion of nanowrinkles in chapter 4, which shows unprecedented control the amplitude and the complex hierarchical wrinkle structures and nanofolds that form at high strains. The three main highlights of this paper are: (i) wrinkles with nanometer wavelengths with large amplitudes, (ii) modulation of type of secondary structure with macroscale strain distribution, and (iii) patterning strain to control the orientation of nanowrinkles and nanofolds. Typically, nonlinear strain between the skin and substrate limit the amplitude of nanowrinkles (lambda < 100 nm) to less than 10 nm. Because of the unique mechanical properties of the PS substrate, we could increase the amplitude of the nanowrinkles approximately 10 times greater than the previously reported limit. Next we describe the two types of secondary structures that form at high strain (i) self-similar hierarchical wrinkles, and (ii) folds. Previous studies have focused on changes in material properties to explain the type of secondary structure that will emerge at high strains. Here we show that the macroscale strain distribution (1D or 2D) can be used to regulate the type of structure that forms. Furthermore, we found that we could pattern strain distribution in the skin layer by fabricating strain relief features using inverse solvent assisted nanoscale embossing (inSANE). These strain relief features can be used to direct the orientation of wrinkles with sub-200 nm wavelengths. Furthermore, by carefully engineering the ratio between periodicity of the pattern and the wavelength of the wrinkles, we could induce folds to align along the edges of the directions of least strain.
520 $a In chapters 5 and 6, we focus on the design of optical nanomaterials. These chapters introduce a new type of artificially structured material---lattice opto-materials---that can achieve arbitrary light profiles with deep subwavelength accuracy in three dimensions. The driving innovation is the nexus of a computational approach to obtain a nano-optics genome and a paradigm shift in how to achieve structured optics that can operate at visible wavelengths based on different configurations of discrete units. We believe that lattice opto-materials represent a new class of engineered materials that have the potential to revolutionize micro and nano-optics. The development of new optics has a long history of driving key scientific discoveries, and we expect that lattice opto-materials could have a similarly transformative impact. For example, substrates with multiple focal points and in different planes could resolve different spatial locations in a cell simultaneously. Polarization-sensitive lattice opto-materials could also be used to prepare dynamic nano-optical traps for nanoparticles or even single atoms. We expect that lattice opto-materials designed by algorithmic approaches will open a wide range of new and unexpected applications.
590 $a School code: 0163.
650 4 $a Nanotechnology. $3 526235
650 4 $a Nanoscience. $3 587832
650 4 $a Optics. $3 517925
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710 2 $a Northwestern University. $b Materials Science and Engineering. $3 1058406
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 76-08B(E).
790 $a 0163
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2015
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3686606