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Exploring Bioavailability of Hydroph...

Jia, Fang.

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Exploring Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Exploring Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments./
作者:	Jia, Fang.
面頁冊數:	177 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-11(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-11B(E).
標題:	Environmental science. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3630699
ISBN:	9781321087734

Exploring Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments.
Jia, Fang.

Exploring Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments. - 177 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-11(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2014.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Due to high affinity for organic carbon phase, hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) preferentially deposit in bed sediments in surface aquatic systems. Consequently, many contemporary sediment contaminants are HOCs, including DDTs, PCBs, and PBDEs. However, their accumulation potential and toxicity to benthic organisms in sediments are regulated by bioavailability, rather than bulk chemical concentrations. The overall purpose of the current project was to develop and apply chemically-based methods to explore bioavailability of HOCs in sediments, and help improve the assessment of their potential ecotoxicological risks and sometimes human health effects in the environment.

ISBN: 9781321087734Subjects--Topical Terms:

677245
Environmental science.

Exploring Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments.
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245 1 0 $a Exploring Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-11(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Jay Gan.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2014.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Due to high affinity for organic carbon phase, hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) preferentially deposit in bed sediments in surface aquatic systems. Consequently, many contemporary sediment contaminants are HOCs, including DDTs, PCBs, and PBDEs. However, their accumulation potential and toxicity to benthic organisms in sediments are regulated by bioavailability, rather than bulk chemical concentrations. The overall purpose of the current project was to develop and apply chemically-based methods to explore bioavailability of HOCs in sediments, and help improve the assessment of their potential ecotoxicological risks and sometimes human health effects in the environment.
520 $a A solid phase microextraction (SPME) method using disposable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibers was developed for measuring the phase distribution of flame retardant PBDEs in sediments. Results showed that PBDEs were predominantly sorbed to the sediment phase, with freely dissolved concentration (C free) only accounted for < 0.012% of the total chemical mass and < 0.43% of the dissolved mass. Addition of black carbon further reduced bioavailability (or Cfree) of HOCs as indicated by the matrix-SPME method. At 1% amendment rate in a sediment with low organic carbon (0.12%) content, Cfree of selected PBDEs was reduced by 47.5--78.0%, 47.3--77.5%, and 94.1--98.3% with biochar, charcoal, and activated carbon, respectively. To overcome the shortcomings of current measurement methods, an isotope dilution method (IDM) was developed and applied for bioavailability prediction of legacy HOCs (e.g., DDT and its metabolites, PCBs) in historically-contaminated sediments from the Palos Verdes Superfund site. The IDM-based accessible concentration was shown to correlate closely with tissue residues in the exposed marine benthic polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata (R2=0.84--0.94). Bioavailability measurements from the SPME, IDM and Tenax methods were compared in amendment-based remediation. After normalizing over the unamended sediments, significant linear correlations (R2 >0.90, p <0.01, slopes=1.00--1.09) were found between these methods, suggesting they are interchangeable or complementary for evaluating remediation efficiency or progress.
520 $a Overall, the bioavailability estimation methods or their specific applications developed from this project will improve understanding environmental fate of HOCs and their potential toxicity to such organisms as the sediment-dwelling invertebrates. The developed methods may be readily adoptable for other HOCs as well as other matrices (e.g., soil).
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