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Recruiting Military Talents, Fortify...

Li, Lin.

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Recruiting Military Talents, Fortifying the Manchu Empire: Institutional Designs, Actual Implementations, and Practical Functions of the Imperial Military Examination System in the Qing Dynasty.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Recruiting Military Talents, Fortifying the Manchu Empire: Institutional Designs, Actual Implementations, and Practical Functions of the Imperial Military Examination System in the Qing Dynasty./
作者:	Li, Lin.
面頁冊數:	377 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-08A(E).
標題:	Asian history. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3691897
ISBN:	9781321668841

Recruiting Military Talents, Fortifying the Manchu Empire: Institutional Designs, Actual Implementations, and Practical Functions of the Imperial Military Examination System in the Qing Dynasty.
Li, Lin.

Recruiting Military Talents, Fortifying the Manchu Empire: Institutional Designs, Actual Implementations, and Practical Functions of the Imperial Military Examination System in the Qing Dynasty. - 377 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2014.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Established by Empress Wu in 702, the imperial military examination system lasted, albeit having been suspended in the entire Yuan dynasty and in part of the Song, Jin and Ming dynasties occasionally, for 1200 years, which was nearly as long as the period of existence of the imperial civil examination system. In effect, the military examination system, associated with military schools, military classics and military temples, functioned as a mechanism parallel to the civil examination and its related institutions (i.e., Confucian schools, Confucian classics and Confucian temples) for cultivating and recruiting talents in late imperial China. Although the two systems exerted influence in different degrees on the Chinese empire, they co-existed and managed to keep a balance between them for more than a millennium so as to contribute to the stable and smooth governance of traditional China.

ISBN: 9781321668841Subjects--Topical Terms:

1099323
Asian history.

Recruiting Military Talents, Fortifying the Manchu Empire: Institutional Designs, Actual Implementations, and Practical Functions of the Imperial Military Examination System in the Qing Dynasty.
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245 1 0 $a Recruiting Military Talents, Fortifying the Manchu Empire: Institutional Designs, Actual Implementations, and Practical Functions of the Imperial Military Examination System in the Qing Dynasty.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-08(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Yip Hon Ming.
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506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a Established by Empress Wu in 702, the imperial military examination system lasted, albeit having been suspended in the entire Yuan dynasty and in part of the Song, Jin and Ming dynasties occasionally, for 1200 years, which was nearly as long as the period of existence of the imperial civil examination system. In effect, the military examination system, associated with military schools, military classics and military temples, functioned as a mechanism parallel to the civil examination and its related institutions (i.e., Confucian schools, Confucian classics and Confucian temples) for cultivating and recruiting talents in late imperial China. Although the two systems exerted influence in different degrees on the Chinese empire, they co-existed and managed to keep a balance between them for more than a millennium so as to contribute to the stable and smooth governance of traditional China.
520 $a The Manchu court, immediately after entering Beijing, decreed to resume the civil and military examinations by adopting the former Ming institutions. Since its restoration in 1645, the military examination system ran consecutively for more than 250 years until it was eventually abolished in 1901. The vertical levels of the military examination, which were the same as those for its civil counterpart, included Tongshi (examination for junior students), Xiangshi (provincial examination), Huishi (metropolitan examination), and Dianshi (palace examination). Candidates who passed examinations at different levels were conferred the corresponding status of Wushengyuan (military government students), Wujuren (military provincial graduates) and Wujinshi (military metropolitan graduates). At each level, the military examination consisted of the outer session for tests of martial arts and physical strengths and the inner session on military classics and literary abilities. As for selection criteria, the outer session often carried greater weight. Among the examination items for the outer session, mounted archery, standing archery and bow-drawing were more important than long-handled sword-brandishing and stone-lifting.
520 $a To integrate literary and martial competence, the long-standing ideal of talent-recruitment in traditional China, was also materialized in the Qing military examination. In reality, however, the civil and military tracks diverged remarkably from each other. The design and implementation of the military examination system evinced a clear distinction between banner people and commoners. Even within the Eight Banners, there were different arrangements for Manchus, Mongols and Han military bannermen, and for capital banners and provincial garrison banners as well. In terms of positive influence, the military examination system could not compare with the civil one. However, the vicissitudes of both the civil and military examination systems, as components of the mechanism for the recruitment of talents, reflected almost similarly the changes in political development and the correspondent needs for helps from social elites in Qing times. Under these two systems, the macro-spatial distribution of talented candidates in the Qing demonstrated that those from the south were versed in literary skills, whilst those from the north were excellent in martial arts. The initial position for a newly admitted military Jinshi was usually the imperial guard or mid-ranking officer in the local Green Standard Army. But the career prospects of the military degree holders started to dim as early as the beginning of the dynasty. The situation became increasingly difficult afterwards when promising appointments with promotion prospects were hard to come by. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
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