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Perception of emotion in faces: Mood...

Bullivant, Susan Beth.

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Perception of emotion in faces: Mood, personality, menstrual cycle phase and breastfeeding chemosignals.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Perception of emotion in faces: Mood, personality, menstrual cycle phase and breastfeeding chemosignals./
作者:	Bullivant, Susan Beth.
面頁冊數:	87 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-01B(E).
標題:	Psychology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3595892
ISBN:	9781303422423

Perception of emotion in faces: Mood, personality, menstrual cycle phase and breastfeeding chemosignals.
Bullivant, Susan Beth.

Perception of emotion in faces: Mood, personality, menstrual cycle phase and breastfeeding chemosignals. - 87 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2013.

Facial expressions of emotion are a rich and varied source of social information. Two experiments were conducted to address four questions regarding the perception of emotion in faces. In Experiment 1 (Study A), male and female participants (N = 28) rated the complete set of Pictures of Facial Affect (Ekman and Friesen, 1975) for the perceived intensity of the six primary emotions in every face type and also contributed personality and current mood data. Experiment 2-Studies B- D focused on women participants and used a repeated measures design with a subset of faces to assess the effects of mood (Study B, N = 48), menstrual cycle phase (Study C, N = 16) and exposure to breastfeeding chemosignals (Study D, N = 21).

ISBN: 9781303422423Subjects--Topical Terms:

519075
Psychology.

Perception of emotion in faces: Mood, personality, menstrual cycle phase and breastfeeding chemosignals.
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245 1 0 $a Perception of emotion in faces: Mood, personality, menstrual cycle phase and breastfeeding chemosignals.
300 $a 87 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Martha K. McClintock.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2013.
520 $a Facial expressions of emotion are a rich and varied source of social information. Two experiments were conducted to address four questions regarding the perception of emotion in faces. In Experiment 1 (Study A), male and female participants (N = 28) rated the complete set of Pictures of Facial Affect (Ekman and Friesen, 1975) for the perceived intensity of the six primary emotions in every face type and also contributed personality and current mood data. Experiment 2-Studies B- D focused on women participants and used a repeated measures design with a subset of faces to assess the effects of mood (Study B, N = 48), menstrual cycle phase (Study C, N = 16) and exposure to breastfeeding chemosignals (Study D, N = 21).
520 $a In Experiment 1, participants systematically endorsed additional emotions other than the basic emotion being portrayed. Personality scores were derived from the Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999) and current mood was assessed with scores on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark et al. 1988). These personal characteristics predicted conscious perception of both primary and additional emotions. Both men and women with higher Neuroticism, Openness, and Conscientiousness rated specific facial expressions more intensely, while those with higher Extraversion and Agreeableness perceived several negative expressions less intensely. Participants with higher Positive Affect rated fear and anger more intensely and those with higher Negative Affect rated sad and surprise less. Women with higher Neuroticism perceived additional disgust in other negative expressions when compared to men. People with higher Neuroticism rated all faces as having additional disgust as well as neutral faces, indicating that a process of projection is taking place. Neuroticism and Negative Affect had an interaction on perception of sadness, so that people with the highest levels of both rated sadness most intensely. These findings indicate that personality, mood, and gender are influential factors in an individual's ongoing construction of a unique social reality.
520 $a In Study 2, women perceived multiple emotions in iconic angry faces constructed expressly to display only a single emotion (Pictures of Facial Affect; Ekman and Friesen, 1975). Given the opportunity to rate the strength of six emotions, women accurately identified anger as the primary emotion in 94.5% of faces, yet also perceived at least one additional emotion on 40.2% occasions and two or more additional emotions on 54.3% occasions of rating an angry face, including those not typically confused with anger. Mood was assessed by scores on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark et al. 1988). Being in a negative mood at the time of the task specifically increased perception of additional non-target negative emotions in angry faces (e.g. sadness, fear, disgust), without increasing perception of happiness or the intensity and accuracy of anger, the pictures' primary expressed emotion. When viewing emotionally neutral faces, women's mood also modulated perception of emotions congruent with their own mood. Specifically, negative mood increased negative emotion perception, while low positive mood decreased positive emotion perception. These results show that social signals, both salient (angry face) and ambiguous (neutral face), are open to nuanced interpretation influenced by the internal subjective emotional environment of the perceiver.
520 $a Previous research has reported an increase in accuracy of women's perception of emotional facial expressions during the follicular phase (preovulation) of the menstrual cycle compared to the luteal phase (postovulation). Methods of identifying these phases has often been inexact, however. In Study 3, using participant-generated, in-home measures, we precisely characterized six phases of the menstrual cycle, specifying a biologically meaningful three day "ovulatory phase". Following the same women for three consecutive menstrual cycles, we show that women's perception of emotional intensity in facial expressions peaks during this ovulatory phase, the point of greatest estrogen. This is particularly true for perception of sadness, both in sad expressions and in other expressions. Women who were higher in both negative and positive mood saw more intense emotion in facial expressions, but the menstrual cycle effects were seen most clearly in the women who were below average both in Negative and Positive Affect.
520 $a Evidence is growing for chemosensory influence on the emotion system. Physiologically, the olfactory, emotional and endocrine systems are tightly linked. In Study 4, the effect of axillary and breast secretions from breastfeeding mothers (breastfeeding chemosignals) on the emotion perception of receiver women was investigated across the menstrual cycle. We found a phase specific effect, women in the late luteal phase receiving breastfeeding chemosignals perceived fear faces more intensely than control women and tended to perceive happy faces less intensely. This effect was not mediated by negative mood or conscious odor perception.
590 $a School code: 0330.
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650 4 $a Physiological psychology. $3 2144820
650 4 $a Personality psychology. $3 2144789
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710 2 $a The University of Chicago. $b Psychology: Human Development. $3 1669316
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