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Computational differences in mental ...

Tabachneck, Hermina Johanna Maria.

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Computational differences in mental representations: Effects of mode of data presentation on reasoning and understanding.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Computational differences in mental representations: Effects of mode of data presentation on reasoning and understanding./
Author:	Tabachneck, Hermina Johanna Maria.
Description:	628 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-01, Section: B, page: 0532.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International54-01B.
Subject:	Psychology, Experimental. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9312835

Computational differences in mental representations: Effects of mode of data presentation on reasoning and understanding.
Tabachneck, Hermina Johanna Maria.

Computational differences in mental representations: Effects of mode of data presentation on reasoning and understanding. - 628 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-01, Section: B, page: 0532.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 1992.

Deductive, inductive and heuristic search have been espoused as models of human thinking by separate sets of researchers in cognitive science. More recently recognition-based and mental imagery thinking have been explored, as well as thinking based on the interaction between the human and the environment (currently named situated action). Some strands have been based on verbal processes, some on mathematical computations, and some primarily on visual processes. While there have been critiques of the competing theories, comparatively little effort has been spent in trying to integrate the various strands.Subjects--Topical Terms:

517106
Psychology, Experimental.

Computational differences in mental representations: Effects of mode of data presentation on reasoning and understanding.
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008 130614s1992 eng d
035 $a (UnM)AAI9312835
035 $a AAI9312835
040 $a UnM $c UnM
100 1 $a Tabachneck, Hermina Johanna Maria. $3 1946962
245 1 0 $a Computational differences in mental representations: Effects of mode of data presentation on reasoning and understanding.
300 $a 628 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-01, Section: B, page: 0532.
500 $a Adviser: Herbert A. Simon.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 1992.
520 $a Deductive, inductive and heuristic search have been espoused as models of human thinking by separate sets of researchers in cognitive science. More recently recognition-based and mental imagery thinking have been explored, as well as thinking based on the interaction between the human and the environment (currently named situated action). Some strands have been based on verbal processes, some on mathematical computations, and some primarily on visual processes. While there have been critiques of the competing theories, comparatively little effort has been spent in trying to integrate the various strands.
520 $a In the present thesis, I study the comparative effects of visual, verbal, mathematical, and recognition-based thinking processes in problem solving on a common learning task. Common stumbling blocks to visual research, such as establishing the computational reality of modality-specific representations, locating the interface of environmentally presented and memory-based representations, and determining whether subjects actually work with given representations are addressed, the latter by experimental methods.
520 $a In the first of two experiments, after having read the same verbal tutorial introduction, subjects were presented informationally equivalent, but computationally and visually different formats (graphical, algebraic and tabular) of the same data from the domain of Economics in a between-subject design. Subjects were asked to do quantitative and qualitative, as well as explanatory problem-solving. Analyses of time and process data showed an advantage for the graphical format, but only in quantitative computations. Verbal protocol analyses, incorporated into a production system model, led to a new concept of "understanding" and showed subjects' use of many different types of reasoning, depending on data format and skill level. Especially striking were findings of (1) subjects' reliance on propositional verbal reasoning based on the tutorial and other text, (2) a dominance of low-level visual reasoning under certain circumstances, and (3) a relative lack of difference in effectiveness of the three data formats, although very different processes were used.
520 $a The differences observed in behavior across and within the three data formats strongly confirmed that subjects' verbalizations reflect, and hence reveal, their internal representations (mental model) of the information, making it possible to trace their visual as well as verbal and mathematical reasoning.
520 $a Overall, subjects' verbal thinking was incomplete and included some curious errors. In the second experiment, the sufficiency of the tutorial text (which was patterned after Economics textbooks) to support rigorous verbal reasoning was examined. A new tutorial was devised, tested for logical rigor, and presented with and without a graphical representation. With the new text, subjects were quite successful in the use of propositional qualitative verbal reasoning. The addition of graphs produced different, but not more effective reasoning.
590 $a School code: 0041.
650 4 $a Psychology, Experimental. $3 517106
690 $a 0623
710 2 0 $a Carnegie Mellon University. $3 1018096
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 54-01B.
790 1 0 $a Simon, Herbert A., $e advisor
790 $a 0041
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1992
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9312835