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Bioassay-directed evaluation of high...

Jacob, Melissa Ruth.

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Bioassay-directed evaluation of higher plants for novel anti-infectives.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Bioassay-directed evaluation of higher plants for novel anti-infectives./
作者:	Jacob, Melissa Ruth.
面頁冊數:	160 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-08, Section: B, page: 3881.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International60-08B.
標題:	Health Sciences, Pharmacy. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoeng/servlet/advanced?query=9942356
ISBN:	0599439815

Bioassay-directed evaluation of higher plants for novel anti-infectives.
Jacob, Melissa Ruth.

Bioassay-directed evaluation of higher plants for novel anti-infectives. - 160 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-08, Section: B, page: 3881.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Mississippi, 1999.

Opportunistic infections (OIs) are caused by the invasion of microorganisms that take advantage of compromised immune systems. In the last twenty years, the occurrence of fungal opportunistic infections associated with immunosuppression has increased significantly due to several factors including cancer chemotherapy, organ transplants and AIDS-related immunodeficiency.

ISBN: 0599439815Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017737
Health Sciences, Pharmacy.

Bioassay-directed evaluation of higher plants for novel anti-infectives.
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245 1 0 $a Bioassay-directed evaluation of higher plants for novel anti-infectives.
300 $a 160 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-08, Section: B, page: 3881.
500 $a Adviser: Alice M. Clark.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Mississippi, 1999.
520 $a Opportunistic infections (OIs) are caused by the invasion of microorganisms that take advantage of compromised immune systems. In the last twenty years, the occurrence of fungal opportunistic infections associated with immunosuppression has increased significantly due to several factors including cancer chemotherapy, organ transplants and AIDS-related immunodeficiency.
520 $a The most common fungal opportunistic pathogens associated with HIV infection include <italic>Candida</italic> sp. and <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans</italic>. Currently, there are four main classes of agents which are used to treat fungal opportunistic infections: the polyenes, azoles, flucytosine, and allylamines. However, use of these agents is associated with toxicity, drug interactions, and inefficacy against resistant fungal species. Therefore, there is a need for new antifungal drugs which are effective against AIDS-related opportunistic pathogens.
520 $a As a source of potential antifungal agents, plants offer an endless variety of unique compounds. Because only 5–15% of the world's 250,000 species have been investigated for medicinal activity, plants remain an attractive source for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. The Natural Products Repository of the National Cancer Institute contains nearly 3500 extracts of terrestrial plants which have been collected from various regions around the world. All of these plants have been screened against the fungal opportunists <italic> Candida albicans</italic> and <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans</italic> in antifungal assays at the University of Mississippi. Of these &sim;3500 extracts, 3% were shown to be active against <italic>C. albicans</italic> and/or <italic> C. neoformans</italic> at a concentration of 20mg/ml. Four of these active extracts were subjected to bioassay-directed fractionation affording a total of ten compounds that were identified using standard spectroscopic methods. Of these ten compounds, all six prenylated hydroquinone derivatives isolated from <italic>Glossocalyx brevipes</italic> are new to the literature. Two compounds isolated from <italic>Gallesia integrifolia</italic> [atraric acid and bis (methyl thiomethyl) disulfide] are proposed to account for the majority of this plant's antifungal activity. Atraric acid was also present in <italic> Physcia dubia</italic>, possibly as a hydrolysis product of the common lichen metabolite atranorin. Finally, the naphthoquinone, plumbagin, isolated from <italic> Diospyros walichii</italic>, was extremely active against both <italic>C. albicans</italic> and <italic>C. neoformans</italic> and believed to be responsible for the plant's antifungal activity.
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650 4 $a Biology, Microbiology. $3 1017734
650 4 $a Chemistry, Pharmaceutical. $3 550957
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Pathology. $3 1017854
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Immunology. $3 1017716
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