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SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS IN LOND...

ROBISCHON, MARY MARGARET.

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SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS IN LONDON DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (ENGLAND).

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS IN LONDON DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (ENGLAND)./
作者:	ROBISCHON, MARY MARGARET.
面頁冊數:	384 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-11, Section: A, page: 3676.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International43-11A.
標題:	History, Modern. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=8307127

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS IN LONDON DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (ENGLAND).
ROBISCHON, MARY MARGARET.

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS IN LONDON DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (ENGLAND). - 384 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-11, Section: A, page: 3676.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

This study explores the impact of science and capitalism on the technology and organization of instrument making in a preindustrial guild system of work. The study is approached first through the history of the use of instruments, and second through the history of London guilds. Statistical and non-quantitative data on instrument makers in the Clockmakers' and Spectacle Makers' Companies are combined with similar data on instrument makers in the Grocers to show comparative cohesiveness by Company, shop, and location. The leading instrument makers are placed alongside little-known colleagues within a common context of craft and Company participation to expand the limited data available for most instrument makers.Subjects--Topical Terms:

516334
History, Modern.

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS IN LONDON DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (ENGLAND).
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245 1 0 $a SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS IN LONDON DURING THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES (ENGLAND).
300 $a 384 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-11, Section: A, page: 3676.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 1983.
520 $a This study explores the impact of science and capitalism on the technology and organization of instrument making in a preindustrial guild system of work. The study is approached first through the history of the use of instruments, and second through the history of London guilds. Statistical and non-quantitative data on instrument makers in the Clockmakers' and Spectacle Makers' Companies are combined with similar data on instrument makers in the Grocers to show comparative cohesiveness by Company, shop, and location. The leading instrument makers are placed alongside little-known colleagues within a common context of craft and Company participation to expand the limited data available for most instrument makers.
520 $a This study argues that instrument making ceased to be an elitist art and became a Company-regulated craft when instruments, in response to practical demand, were designed to include autonomous skills of precision so they could be used by unskilled persons. At the same time, instruments were standardized in design and could be made without elitist supervision. Thus, while instrument makers may have been familiar with contemporary science, they need not have been.
520 $a Recent argument that a custom of London permitted instrument makers to enter any Company irrespective of trade has not been substantiated in this study. Following Tolley's Case in 1614, the custom was denied by the courts and the City because it interfered with attempts to control a burgeoning migration of unbound labor. Thus, which guild instrument makers joined was not a matter of indifference until after mid-eighteenth century.
520 $a In the Dollond patent controversy (1763-1765), instrument makers in the Spectacle Makers competed bitterly as the last remnant of corporate control gave way to individual monopoly. The dispute was settled along class lines, the winners supported by official science and invention as defined by the Royal Society and the courts, against other artisans who had collectively developed the disputed invention of the achromatic telescope lens.
520 $a In conclusion, instrument making remained a handicraft, but expanded use led to standardized technology that was readily mastered by skilled craftsmen. Within the artisanal system of production, resources for capitalist competition were found in the Crown system of patents.
590 $a School code: 0127.
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1983
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