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Unstable fault interactions and eart...

Lee, Matthew Wayne.

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Unstable fault interactions and earthquake self-organization.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Unstable fault interactions and earthquake self-organization./
作者:	Lee, Matthew Wayne.
面頁冊數:	219 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-01, Section: B, page: 0230.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International60-01B.
標題:	Physics, Condensed Matter. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9917290
ISBN:	0599161914

Unstable fault interactions and earthquake self-organization.
Lee, Matthew Wayne.

Unstable fault interactions and earthquake self-organization. - 219 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-01, Section: B, page: 0230.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1999.

Little work has been previously done in understanding interactions between multiple earthquake faults. We develop a model based on elasticity and study multiple faults. In the case of predefined parallel faults we find activity localizes on a fault for long periods of time compared to inter- earthquake time scales. The activity then flips to another fault. The distribution of time intervals of flipping is scale invariant. Candidates for this mode of activity in the earth have been identified in the literature. Heterogeneity controls the flipping behavior and in fact, with appropriate amounts of heterogeneity, a non-optimal fault can be made to be active. This has implications for the San Andreas and neighboring fault systems. We simulate aftershocks on multiple faults by extending the model to include subcritical crack growth and allow all lattice sites to rupture. We find that both the Omori law for aftershock rate and the Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation for aftershocks are explained by the process of self-organization through the stress field. This theory allows us to calculate the subcritical crack growth index from the time series and magnitudes of any aftershock sequence. Except for one special case in the literature, this index was only known for laboratory specimens. We have also identified a discrete scale invariance in the temporal domain. This gives rise to a log-periodicity in the aftershock rate. We have derived a correction to the long standing Omori law and find confirmation in real aftershock sequences. We developed a theory based on stress transfer and discrete scale invariance and are able to relate the stress drop to the scale factor of the log-periodicity with excellent success. Alternatively, this allows one to calculate absolute stress in the region of aftershock activity if the stress drops are known. We developed a simple nearest neighbor non-Abelian sandpile model which captures the necessary physics of aftershocks. This model reproduces all our analytical findings including the log-periodic Omori law and the Gutenberg-Richter relation. The fact that this cellular automaton model is not based on elasticity supports the universality of these processes.

ISBN: 0599161914Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018743
Physics, Condensed Matter.

Unstable fault interactions and earthquake self-organization.
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