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Chronic effects of tributyltin in fr...

Bartlett, Adrienne Jennifer.

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Chronic effects of tributyltin in freshwater invertebrates.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Chronic effects of tributyltin in freshwater invertebrates./
作者:	Bartlett, Adrienne Jennifer.
面頁冊數:	190 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-05, Section: B, page: 2195.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International65-05B.
標題:	Biology, Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NQ91980
ISBN:	0612919803

Chronic effects of tributyltin in freshwater invertebrates.
Bartlett, Adrienne Jennifer.

Chronic effects of tributyltin in freshwater invertebrates. - 190 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-05, Section: B, page: 2195.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo (Canada), 2004.

The presence of tributyltin (TBT) in aquatic ecosystems is a concern because of its toxicity to non-target organisms and its persistence in the environment. The purpose of this research was to assess the risk that TBT poses to freshwater invertebrates, as data on the effects of TBT in freshwater ecosystems are limited. First, the kinetic behaviour of TBT in the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca, was studied. Hyalella azteca accumulated TBT rapidly, reaching steady state body concentrations within 14 d. The primary route of uptake was via dissolved TBT. Depuration of TBT was biphasic; the stronger decrease over the first 24 h was attributed primarily to gut clearance and was followed by a more gradual decrease due to excretion from the body. Gut contents must be cleared for 24 h to accurately relate body concentrations of TBT to observed toxicity. Tributyltin had a half-life of 8 to 14 d in H. azteca. Second, the chronic toxicity of TBT to H. azteca was examined by exposing two successive generations of amphipods to sediments spiked with TBT. Survival was the most sensitive endpoint, and was significantly decreased at TBT body concentrations exceeding 2200 ng Sn/g (dry weight). Growth was not negatively affected by TBT, and while reproduction might be more sensitive than survival, the data were too variable to use on a routine basis. There were no detectable TBT-induced differences in the response between first- and second-generation animals; therefore, standard toxicity experiments are not missing a sensitive early life stage. Third, the chronic toxicity of TBT was compared in a multi-species spiked-sediment experiment with six freshwater invertebrates: Hexagenia limbata, Physella gyrina, Hyalella azteca, Tubifex tubifex, Chironomus riparius , and Daphnia magna. At the highest experimental concentration, survival decreased more than 30% in all species except C. riparius, and reproduction was reduced by 60% in P. gyrina . Growth of H. limbata was the most sensitive measure of TBT toxicity. Chironomus riparius was not a sensitive species, and therefore should not be used in future TBT toxicity experiments. Accumulation of TBT was similar in all species except C. riparius ; therefore, levels measured in one species can be used to predict effects in the other four species. Fourth, H. azteca were exposed to TBT-contaminated harbour sediments to evaluate the risk that TBT poses to freshwater invertebrates, and to rank TBT as an environmental concern compared to inorganic metal species. Bioaccumulation of TBT in H. azteca exceeded levels expected to cause effects in sensitive species (i.e., growth in H. limbata) or endpoints (i.e., reproduction in H. azteca) in some sediments from Kingston Harbour, Montreal Harbour, and Port Weller. Overlying water concentrations of copper and zinc approached or exceeded levels of concern in Toronto Harbour, Hamilton Harbour, and Port Weller sediments. This suggests that existing levels of TBT in harbour sediments may cause chronic toxicity in freshwater invertebrates, and that copper and zinc also pose a risk at these sites.

ISBN: 0612919803Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017726
Biology, Ecology.

Chronic effects of tributyltin in freshwater invertebrates.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo (Canada), 2004.
520 $a The presence of tributyltin (TBT) in aquatic ecosystems is a concern because of its toxicity to non-target organisms and its persistence in the environment. The purpose of this research was to assess the risk that TBT poses to freshwater invertebrates, as data on the effects of TBT in freshwater ecosystems are limited. First, the kinetic behaviour of TBT in the freshwater amphipod, Hyalella azteca, was studied. Hyalella azteca accumulated TBT rapidly, reaching steady state body concentrations within 14 d. The primary route of uptake was via dissolved TBT. Depuration of TBT was biphasic; the stronger decrease over the first 24 h was attributed primarily to gut clearance and was followed by a more gradual decrease due to excretion from the body. Gut contents must be cleared for 24 h to accurately relate body concentrations of TBT to observed toxicity. Tributyltin had a half-life of 8 to 14 d in H. azteca. Second, the chronic toxicity of TBT to H. azteca was examined by exposing two successive generations of amphipods to sediments spiked with TBT. Survival was the most sensitive endpoint, and was significantly decreased at TBT body concentrations exceeding 2200 ng Sn/g (dry weight). Growth was not negatively affected by TBT, and while reproduction might be more sensitive than survival, the data were too variable to use on a routine basis. There were no detectable TBT-induced differences in the response between first- and second-generation animals; therefore, standard toxicity experiments are not missing a sensitive early life stage. Third, the chronic toxicity of TBT was compared in a multi-species spiked-sediment experiment with six freshwater invertebrates: Hexagenia limbata, Physella gyrina, Hyalella azteca, Tubifex tubifex, Chironomus riparius , and Daphnia magna. At the highest experimental concentration, survival decreased more than 30% in all species except C. riparius, and reproduction was reduced by 60% in P. gyrina . Growth of H. limbata was the most sensitive measure of TBT toxicity. Chironomus riparius was not a sensitive species, and therefore should not be used in future TBT toxicity experiments. Accumulation of TBT was similar in all species except C. riparius ; therefore, levels measured in one species can be used to predict effects in the other four species. Fourth, H. azteca were exposed to TBT-contaminated harbour sediments to evaluate the risk that TBT poses to freshwater invertebrates, and to rank TBT as an environmental concern compared to inorganic metal species. Bioaccumulation of TBT in H. azteca exceeded levels expected to cause effects in sensitive species (i.e., growth in H. limbata) or endpoints (i.e., reproduction in H. azteca) in some sediments from Kingston Harbour, Montreal Harbour, and Port Weller. Overlying water concentrations of copper and zinc approached or exceeded levels of concern in Toronto Harbour, Hamilton Harbour, and Port Weller sediments. This suggests that existing levels of TBT in harbour sediments may cause chronic toxicity in freshwater invertebrates, and that copper and zinc also pose a risk at these sites.
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