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Current and historic stream channel ...

Fouty, Suzanne Catherine.

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Current and historic stream channel response to changes in cattle and elk grazing pressure and beaver activity.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Current and historic stream channel response to changes in cattle and elk grazing pressure and beaver activity./
作者:	Fouty, Suzanne Catherine.
面頁冊數:	646 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-02, Section: A, page: 0602.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International64-02A.
標題:	Geography. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3080584
ISBN:	0496284594

Current and historic stream channel response to changes in cattle and elk grazing pressure and beaver activity.
Fouty, Suzanne Catherine.

Current and historic stream channel response to changes in cattle and elk grazing pressure and beaver activity. - 646 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-02, Section: A, page: 0602.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.

Livestock grazing and beaver trapping alter streams hydrologically and geomorphically leading to declines in the quality and extent of stream-riparian ecosystems. The influence of reductions in grazing pressure and fluctuating levels of beaver activity (treatments) on channel capacity was studied at 108 channel cross-sections, located on eight headwater streams in Montana and Arizona. Cross-sections were surveyed two or three times over a two-to-five year period to determine annual rates of change as a function of treatment. Most cross-sections in the cattle and elk exclosures and grazed areas showed minimal changes in area (<10 percent). Large decreases in cross-section area were observed in reaches with intact beaver dams, especially near the dams. The beaver ponds reduced channel capacity between 50 to 100% in most reaches, compared to ≤25% in reaches without beaver ponds. The ponds effectively restored the hydrologic connection between the stream and valley floor in less than one year. Upon dam failure, channel capacity increased within a year by 40 percent or more as the ponds drained and sediment eroded.

ISBN: 0496284594Subjects--Topical Terms:

524010
Geography.

Current and historic stream channel response to changes in cattle and elk grazing pressure and beaver activity.
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245 1 0 $a Current and historic stream channel response to changes in cattle and elk grazing pressure and beaver activity.
300 $a 646 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-02, Section: A, page: 0602.
500 $a Adviser: Patricia F. McDowell.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
520 $a Livestock grazing and beaver trapping alter streams hydrologically and geomorphically leading to declines in the quality and extent of stream-riparian ecosystems. The influence of reductions in grazing pressure and fluctuating levels of beaver activity (treatments) on channel capacity was studied at 108 channel cross-sections, located on eight headwater streams in Montana and Arizona. Cross-sections were surveyed two or three times over a two-to-five year period to determine annual rates of change as a function of treatment. Most cross-sections in the cattle and elk exclosures and grazed areas showed minimal changes in area (<10 percent). Large decreases in cross-section area were observed in reaches with intact beaver dams, especially near the dams. The beaver ponds reduced channel capacity between 50 to 100% in most reaches, compared to ≤25% in reaches without beaver ponds. The ponds effectively restored the hydrologic connection between the stream and valley floor in less than one year. Upon dam failure, channel capacity increased within a year by 40 percent or more as the ponds drained and sediment eroded.
520 $a A conceptual model describing geomorphic and hydrologic response of a drainage basin to the entry of beavers and then their removal or abandonment was developed, based on a literature review and field data. The model suggests that the simultaneous existence of discontinuous arroyos and wetlands, observed by Euro-American expeditions to the Southwest prior to settlement, may in fact reflect landscapes transforming due to recent beaver trapping rather than a recent climate shift. Beaver-dam failures would trigger channelization and thus greater flood magnitudes as water was more rapidly routed from upper to lower watersheds.
520 $a The study suggests that Euro-American trapping and grazing, though temporally and spatially separated, combined with two recent periods of above-average precipitation to transform drainage networks in the West and increase stream ecosystem sensitivity to climatic variability. This transformation pre-dates the installation of stream gages and the data collection that forms the current basis of our understanding hydraulic geometry and fluvial processes. Consequently, current hydraulic geometry relationships and our understanding of stream sensitivity to climatic variability reflect highly disturbed watersheds and ecosystems, not intact systems.
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710 2 0 $a University of Oregon. $3 958250
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790 $a 0171
791 $a Ph.D.
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