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The evolutionary consequences of vir...

Quance, Michael Allen.

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The evolutionary consequences of virus resistance.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The evolutionary consequences of virus resistance./
作者:	Quance, Michael Allen.
面頁冊數:	166 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 2955.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International67-06B.
標題:	Biology, Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3221239
ISBN:	9780542739682

The evolutionary consequences of virus resistance.
Quance, Michael Allen.

The evolutionary consequences of virus resistance. - 166 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 2955.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Houston, 2006.

Tradeoffs among abilities to contend with different factors that constrain fitness and abundance are fundamental aspects of many theories describing evolutionary and ecological phenomena. The tradeoff between competitive abilities and resistance to predation, herbivory and disease is one of the most widely studied tradeoffs, but direct measurements of this tradeoff and its effects are often difficult, owing to the practical constraints of many experimental systems. I used a microbial system of a viral predator and a bacterial prey to directly measure the cost of resistance to predation under a variety of experimental conditions in order to determine the ecological and evolutionary constraints that predator resistance imposes on populations.

ISBN: 9780542739682Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017726
Biology, Ecology.

The evolutionary consequences of virus resistance.
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245 1 4 $a The evolutionary consequences of virus resistance.
300 $a 166 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 2955.
500 $a Adviser: Michael Travisano.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Houston, 2006.
520 $a Tradeoffs among abilities to contend with different factors that constrain fitness and abundance are fundamental aspects of many theories describing evolutionary and ecological phenomena. The tradeoff between competitive abilities and resistance to predation, herbivory and disease is one of the most widely studied tradeoffs, but direct measurements of this tradeoff and its effects are often difficult, owing to the practical constraints of many experimental systems. I used a microbial system of a viral predator and a bacterial prey to directly measure the cost of resistance to predation under a variety of experimental conditions in order to determine the ecological and evolutionary constraints that predator resistance imposes on populations.
520 $a I measured the cost of resistance in the bacterium Escherichia coli to predation by bacteriophage T4 under a range of temperatures roughly spanning the usual thermal niche of E. coli. Temperature strongly affects the cost of resistance in an asymmetric fashion. At the host temperature for E. coli, virus-resistant genotypes are 15 to 25% less fit than virus-sensitive parental genotypes. At sub-optimal temperatures, the cost of resistance was ameliorated. At stressful temperatures, the cost of resistance was exacerbated.
520 $a I subsequently evolved a group of T4-resistant E. coli genotypes for 500 generations in the absence of bacteriophage at sub-optimal, benign and stressful temperatures to determine whether temperature affects the abilities of resistant genotypes to ameliorate the cost of resistance through adaptation. There was no adaptive amelioration of the cost of resistance in the benign thermal environment. By far, the greatest degree of adaptive amelioration occurred at a stressful temperature near the upper thermal limit for E. coli growth.
520 $a Genetic variance among resistant genotypes tended to increase in novel environments, suggesting that different genetic mechanisms underlay similar fitness changes within each selective regime. Resistance did not change the general pattern of thermal specificity achieved through the course of selection. Genotypes evolved in a thermally benign environment became thermal generalists and genotypes evolved in a thermally stressful environment became thermal specialists. Adaptive amelioration of the cost of resistance was temperature specific, with the degree of correlated amelioration in novel thermal environments decreasing progressively with temperature.
590 $a School code: 0087.
650 4 $a Biology, Ecology. $3 1017726
650 4 $a Biology, Genetics. $3 1017730
650 4 $a Biology, Microbiology. $3 1017734
650 4 $a Biology, Virology. $3 1019068
650 4 $a Environmental Sciences. $3 676987
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710 2 0 $a University of Houston. $3 1019266
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790 1 0 $a Travisano, Michael, $e advisor
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2006
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