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The role of microbial sulfur cycling...

Moreau, John William.

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The role of microbial sulfur cycling in the fate of metals in mining-impacted environments.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The role of microbial sulfur cycling in the fate of metals in mining-impacted environments./
作者:	Moreau, John William.
面頁冊數:	247 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: B, page: 0840.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International68-02B.
標題:	Biology, Microbiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3253994

The role of microbial sulfur cycling in the fate of metals in mining-impacted environments.
Moreau, John William.

The role of microbial sulfur cycling in the fate of metals in mining-impacted environments. - 247 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: B, page: 0840.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2006.

In natural waters and sediments, sulfate-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SRB and SOB, respectively) mediate and gain metabolic energy from sulfur redox transformations. Resulting valence changes alter sulfur reactivity with respect to metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Considerable interest exists in harnessing bacterial reduction of sulfate to sulfide to the sequestration of toxic metals as insoluble metal-sulfide minerals. However, metal sequestration may be attenuated or even reversed by SOB under changing geochemical conditions. By integrating molecular studies of microbial diversity and activity, aqueous geochemical analyses, mineralogical characterizations and sulfur isotopic measurements, the objective of this dissertation was to constrain the architecture of the microbial sulfur cycle and its impact on metal sequestration in two different acid mine drainage (AMD)-contaminated environments.Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017734
Biology, Microbiology.

The role of microbial sulfur cycling in the fate of metals in mining-impacted environments.
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245 1 4 $a The role of microbial sulfur cycling in the fate of metals in mining-impacted environments.
300 $a 247 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: B, page: 0840.
500 $a Adviser: Jillian F. Banfield.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2006.
520 $a In natural waters and sediments, sulfate-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SRB and SOB, respectively) mediate and gain metabolic energy from sulfur redox transformations. Resulting valence changes alter sulfur reactivity with respect to metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Considerable interest exists in harnessing bacterial reduction of sulfate to sulfide to the sequestration of toxic metals as insoluble metal-sulfide minerals. However, metal sequestration may be attenuated or even reversed by SOB under changing geochemical conditions. By integrating molecular studies of microbial diversity and activity, aqueous geochemical analyses, mineralogical characterizations and sulfur isotopic measurements, the objective of this dissertation was to constrain the architecture of the microbial sulfur cycle and its impact on metal sequestration in two different acid mine drainage (AMD)-contaminated environments.
520 $a Within the AMD-contaminated Stege Marsh (San Francisco Bay, CA), diverse sulfide-oxidizing (SOB) and SRB mediate tightly coupled sulfur redox transformations with significant impacts on the speciation of Cu, As, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Sulfur isotopic evidence, pore fluid geochemistry and sediment mineralogy indicate vigorous cycling of both seawater and AMD-derived sulfur on tidal timescales. SRB sequester contaminant metals to below regulatory concentrations in some marsh sediments, and some novel cultured SRB exhibit both acid and copper tolerance. Dredging during remediation efforts produced increased SOB activity, AMD generation and aqueous metals concentrations.
520 $a In biofilms growing in the AMD-contaminated Piquette Mine, WI, SRB induce episodic precipitation of ZnS nanoparticles that aggregate in the presence of proteins to form micron-scale spheroids. Submicron-scale isotopic measurements reveal that rapid aggregation preserves isotopic zonation consistent with closed system consumption of biofilm sulfate, SO42-. However, combined isotopic and mineralogical results require some degree of continuous resupply of groundwater Zn2+ and SO4 2- consistent with partially open system behavior. These disparate regimes are resolved by a model involving extensive SO4 2- regeneration from sulfide by SOB coupled to continuous ZnS precipitation. High rates of SRB activity, relative to those of SOB activity and SO 42--resupply, result in net SO42- consumption and generation of ZnS precipitates isotopically heavier than groundwater SO42-. ZnS biomineralization thus isotopically records relative rates of microbial sulfur cycling with implications for metal sequestration.
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650 4 $a Mineralogy. $3 516743
650 4 $a Biogeochemistry. $3 545717
650 4 $a Environmental Sciences. $3 676987
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710 2 0 $a University of California, Berkeley. $3 687832
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 68-02B.
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791 $a Ph.D.
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