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Microbial reductive dechlorination o...

Griffin, Benjamin Matthew.

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Microbial reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes: Ecology and application.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Microbial reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes: Ecology and application./
作者:	Griffin, Benjamin Matthew.
面頁冊數:	160 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-12, Section: B, page: 5915.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International64-12B.
標題:	Biology, Microbiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3115970
ISBN:	9780496634064

Microbial reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes: Ecology and application.
Griffin, Benjamin Matthew.

Microbial reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes: Ecology and application. - 160 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-12, Section: B, page: 5915.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2003.

Chlorinated solvents are ubiquitous groundwater pollutants and pose a significant risk to human health. Although tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) can be completely reduced to ethene, dichloroethenes (DCEs) and vinyl chloride often accumulate during dechlorination. All characterized PCE and TCE degrading bacteria produce cis-DCE as the major DCE isomer. I found that some anaerobic enrichment cultures derived from geographically diverse river sediments reductively dechlorinate PCE and TCE to trans - and cis-dichloroethene simultaneously and in a constant ratio of 3(+/-0.5):1. Further dechlorination of DCEs was not observed. Two highly enriched trans and cis DCE-producing cultures were screened with several PCR primer pairs specific to 16S rRNA genes of genera known to contain PCE dechlorinating members. Amplicons from both cultures were 99% identical in sequence to Dehalococcoides sp. belonging to the Pinellas subgroup. One culture also contained an amplicon 98% similar to Dehalobacter restrictus. These results demonstrate that trans-DCE can be a major, microbially produced daughter product from chloroethene dechlorination. The microbial production of trans-DCE is important to monitored natural attenuation and source tracking of contaminant plumes.

ISBN: 9780496634064Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017734
Biology, Microbiology.

Microbial reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes: Ecology and application.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-12, Section: B, page: 5915.
500 $a Adviser: James M. Tiedje.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2003.
520 $a Chlorinated solvents are ubiquitous groundwater pollutants and pose a significant risk to human health. Although tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) can be completely reduced to ethene, dichloroethenes (DCEs) and vinyl chloride often accumulate during dechlorination. All characterized PCE and TCE degrading bacteria produce cis-DCE as the major DCE isomer. I found that some anaerobic enrichment cultures derived from geographically diverse river sediments reductively dechlorinate PCE and TCE to trans - and cis-dichloroethene simultaneously and in a constant ratio of 3(+/-0.5):1. Further dechlorination of DCEs was not observed. Two highly enriched trans and cis DCE-producing cultures were screened with several PCR primer pairs specific to 16S rRNA genes of genera known to contain PCE dechlorinating members. Amplicons from both cultures were 99% identical in sequence to Dehalococcoides sp. belonging to the Pinellas subgroup. One culture also contained an amplicon 98% similar to Dehalobacter restrictus. These results demonstrate that trans-DCE can be a major, microbially produced daughter product from chloroethene dechlorination. The microbial production of trans-DCE is important to monitored natural attenuation and source tracking of contaminant plumes.
520 $a Since it is often assumed that reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes is a response to anthropogenic contamination, I surveyed for the presence of dehalogenating bacteria in pristine environments in Antarctica. Anaerobic enrichment cultures were established from nine melt-pond sediments on Bratina Island and Ross Island, Antarctica, and screened for reductive dehalogenation of PCE, TCE, 2-bromophenol (2BP), 2-chlorophenol (2CP), 3-bromobenzoate (3BBA), and 3-chlorobenozoate (3CBA). 2BP debromination was most widespread followed by PCE dechlorination. Reduction of TCE occurred at two sites producing cis-DCE and a mixture of trans and cis-DCE; two sites degraded 3BBA. No dehalogenation of 2CP or 3CBA was observed. PCR amplicons were produced using 16S rRNA gene primers for Desulfomonile from DNA from all PCE dehalogenating samples, and for Desulfuromonas and Dehalococcoides from some of the samples. These results demonstrate the presence of reductive dehalogenating bacteria in Antarctic melt-pond sediments and suggest that they have a role in pristine, anaerobic environments.
520 $a The use of zero-valent iron, Fe(0), for in situ remediation of chlorinated solvents is gaining acceptance as a cost-effective remediation technology, but synergies and inhibitions between the microbial and abiotic dechlorination processes are not well understood. Hydrogenotrophic chlororespirers could use the cathodic hydrogen produced by Fe(0) to enhance the rate of PCE to DCE dechlorination. Fe(0) then more rapidly dechlorinated DCE, providing an overall synergy for the combination of processes. The level of synergism between Fe(0) and microbial dechlorination ultimately depended on the dechlorination products and rates of each process.
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